Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 10 - The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of gland secretes hormones?

A

Endocrine gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false: endocrine glands contain ducts

A

FALSE. Endocrine glands are ductless; they secrete their hormones directly into interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three categories/classifications of hormones?

A

Amine hormones, steroid hormones, peptide hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of hormone is created by the steroid nucleus?

A

Steroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?

A

Derivative of ATP that responds to messages entering a cell and triggers the cell’s response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thyrotropin is secreted by which endocrine gland?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), a peptide hormone, works by:
a. binding to a receptor outside the cell & activating a 2nd messenger
b. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating a 2nd messenger
c. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating genes in the DNA

A

a - binding to a receptor outside the cell & activating a 2nd messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Testosterone, a steroid hormone, works by:
a. binding to a receptor outside the cell & activating a 2nd messenger
b. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating a 2nd messenger
c. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating genes in the DNA

A

c - diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating genes in the DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that attaches to what anatomical structure?

A

The brain (specifically to the base of the brain that consists of anterior and posterior lobes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two portions of the pituitary gland?

A

Posterior (neurohypophysis) and anterior (adenohypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The hypothalamus produces what two major hormones?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A system of veins that begins and ends in capillaries is called:

A

Portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 4 anterior pituitary hormones that cause the release of other hormones

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid hormone (thyrotropin or TH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin or ACTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oxytocin release from the hypothalamus during labor and delivery is a mechanism that works by positive or negative feedback?

A

positive feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which if the following is an effect of growth hormone?
a. It promotes fat metabolism
b. It stimulates protein synthesis in bone and cartilage
c. It causes a person to grow taller
d. All of the above

A

d - all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is the thyroid gland a small or large gland?

A

Large gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

To produce triiodothyronine and thyroxine, the thyroid gland must acquire what from the water and food we consume?

A

Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A goiter is the name for an enlarged _______.

A

thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism is caused by:

A

Severe thyroid deficiency

20
Q

Swollen throat due to an enlarged, hyperactive thyroid gland; patients often have protruding eyes and are underweight, hyperactive, and irritable - what autoimmune disease does this describe?

A

Graves’ disease

21
Q

What hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels rise?

A

Calcitonin

22
Q

What is the active form of vitamin D?

A

Calcitriol

23
Q

Do the adrenal glands sit atop or below the kidneys?

A

Atop the kidneys

24
Q

Each adrenal gland consists of an inner portion called the _______ _______ and an outer portion called the _______ ______.

A

Adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex

25
Q

What are the two hormones produced by the adrenal medulla in an emergency situation?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

26
Q

Name of a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that influences carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism

A

Glucocorticoid

27
Q

What are the two major types of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex?

A

Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid

28
Q

What is the name of the sex hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?

A

Gonadocorticoid

29
Q

What adrenal hormone category does cortisol fall into?

A

Glucocorticoid - the most active one of this group

30
Q

Long term administration of cortisone for therapeutical purposes can lead to the development of what syndrome?

A

Cushing’s syndrome

31
Q

What is the most important mineralocorticoid?

A

Aldosterone

32
Q

When blood pressure is low, the kidneys secrete an enzyme called

A

renin

33
Q

What is the name of the condition caused by a deficiency of adrenal cortex hormones?

A

Addison’s disease

34
Q

What is the name of the condition caused by an excess of adrenal cortex hormones?

A

Cushing’s syndrome

35
Q

Which hormone opposes the effect of aldosterone in the body?

A

atrial natriuretic hormone

36
Q

Pancreatic alpha cells produce what 3 hormones?

A

Glucagon, insulin, somatostatin

37
Q

Anabolic steroids mimic the effects of what kind of hormone?

A

Testosterone

38
Q

Thymosins are hormones secreted by the:

A

Thymus

39
Q

Leptin is a protein hormone produced by what kind of tissue?

A

Adipose tissue

40
Q

What is the antagonist to leptin that is produced by the stomach?

A

Ghrelin

41
Q

Match the hormone to the function:
1. Leptin
2. Ghrelin
a. Feeling hungry
b. Feeling satiated

A

Leptin - Feeling satiated
Ghrelin - Feeling hungry

42
Q

Which of the following is a local tissue messenger that stimulates nearby cells?
a. leptin
b. prostaglandin
c. melatonin
d. thymosin

A

b: prostaglandin

43
Q

From the following list of endocrine glands and their hormones, choose the pair that is correct:
a. ovaries - androgens
b. thymus - insulin
c. kidney - aldosterone
d. adipose tissue - leptin

A

d: adipose tissue - leptin

44
Q

Match the hormone with the method of action:
a. gonadotropin
b. prostaglandin
c. pheromones
1. affects other individuals
2. stimulates secretions from other glands
3. local action

A

gonadotropin (a) - stimulates secretions from other glands (2)
prostaglandin (b) - local action (3)
pheromones (c) - affects other individuals (1)

45
Q

The most common endocrine disorders that develop as we age involve the _______ gland.

A

thyroid

46
Q

Match the hormone with its effects:
a. glucagon
b. aldosterone
c. parathyroid hormone
1. increases blood calcium levels
2. raises blood pressure
3. raises blood glucose levels

A

glucagon (a) - raises blood glucose levels (3)
aldosterone (b) - raises blood pressure (2)
parathyroid hormone (c) - increases blood calcium levels (1)

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions