Chapter 10 - The Endocrine System

Question 1

What kind of gland secretes hormones?

Answer 1

Endocrine gland

Question 2

True or false: endocrine glands contain ducts

Answer 2

FALSE. Endocrine glands are ductless; they secrete their hormones directly into interstitial fluid

Question 3

What are the three categories/classifications of hormones?

Answer 3

Amine hormones, steroid hormones, peptide hormones

Question 4

What type of hormone is created by the steroid nucleus?

Answer 4

Steroid hormone

Question 5

What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?

Answer 5

Derivative of ATP that responds to messages entering a cell and triggers the cell’s response

Question 6

Thyrotropin is secreted by which endocrine gland?

Answer 6

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 7

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), a peptide hormone, works by:
a. binding to a receptor outside the cell & activating a 2nd messenger
b. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating a 2nd messenger
c. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating genes in the DNA

Answer 7

a - binding to a receptor outside the cell & activating a 2nd messenger

Question 8

Testosterone, a steroid hormone, works by:
a. binding to a receptor outside the cell & activating a 2nd messenger
b. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating a 2nd messenger
c. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating genes in the DNA

Answer 8

c - diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating genes in the DNA

Question 9

The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that attaches to what anatomical structure?

Answer 9

The brain (specifically to the base of the brain that consists of anterior and posterior lobes)

Question 10

What are the two portions of the pituitary gland?

Answer 10

Posterior (neurohypophysis) and anterior (adenohypophysis)

Question 11

The hypothalamus produces what two major hormones?

Answer 11

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Question 12

A system of veins that begins and ends in capillaries is called:

Answer 12

Portal system

Question 13

Name 4 anterior pituitary hormones that cause the release of other hormones

Answer 13

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid hormone (thyrotropin or TH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin or ACTH)

Question 14

Oxytocin release from the hypothalamus during labor and delivery is a mechanism that works by positive or negative feedback?

Answer 14

positive feedback

Question 15

Which if the following is an effect of growth hormone?
a. It promotes fat metabolism
b. It stimulates protein synthesis in bone and cartilage
c. It causes a person to grow taller
d. All of the above

Answer 15

d - all of the above

Question 16

Is the thyroid gland a small or large gland?

Answer 16

Large gland

Question 17

To produce triiodothyronine and thyroxine, the thyroid gland must acquire what from the water and food we consume?

Answer 17

Iodine

Question 18

A goiter is the name for an enlarged _______.

Answer 18

thyroid

Question 19

Congenital hypothyroidism is caused by:

Answer 19

Severe thyroid deficiency

Question 20

Swollen throat due to an enlarged, hyperactive thyroid gland; patients often have protruding eyes and are underweight, hyperactive, and irritable - what autoimmune disease does this describe?

Answer 20

Graves’ disease

Question 21

What hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels rise?

Answer 21

Calcitonin

Question 22

What is the active form of vitamin D?

Answer 22

Calcitriol

Question 23

Do the adrenal glands sit atop or below the kidneys?

Answer 23

Atop the kidneys

Question 24

Each adrenal gland consists of an inner portion called the _______ _______ and an outer portion called the _______ ______.

Answer 24

Adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex

Question 25

What are the two hormones produced by the adrenal medulla in an emergency situation?

Answer 25

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 26

Name of a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that influences carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism

Answer 26

Glucocorticoid

Question 27

What are the two major types of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 27

Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid

Question 28

What is the name of the sex hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 28

Gonadocorticoid

Question 29

What adrenal hormone category does cortisol fall into?

Answer 29

Glucocorticoid - the most active one of this group

Question 30

Long term administration of cortisone for therapeutical purposes can lead to the development of what syndrome?

Answer 30

Cushing's syndrome

Question 31

What is the most important mineralocorticoid?

Answer 31

Aldosterone

Question 32

When blood pressure is low, the kidneys secrete an enzyme called

Answer 32

renin

Question 33

What is the name of the condition caused by a deficiency of adrenal cortex hormones?

Answer 33

Addison's disease

Question 34

What is the name of the condition caused by an excess of adrenal cortex hormones?

Answer 34

Cushing's syndrome

Question 35

Which hormone opposes the effect of aldosterone in the body?

Answer 35

atrial natriuretic hormone

Question 36

Pancreatic alpha cells produce what 3 hormones?

Answer 36

Glucagon, insulin, somatostatin

Question 37

Anabolic steroids mimic the effects of what kind of hormone?

Answer 37

Testosterone

Question 38

Thymosins are hormones secreted by the:

Answer 38

Thymus

Question 39

Leptin is a protein hormone produced by what kind of tissue?

Answer 39

Adipose tissue

Question 40

What is the antagonist to leptin that is produced by the stomach?

Answer 40

Ghrelin

Question 41

Match the hormone to the function: 1. Leptin 2. Ghrelin a. Feeling hungry b. Feeling satiated

Answer 41

Leptin - Feeling satiated Ghrelin - Feeling hungry

Question 42

Which of the following is a local tissue messenger that stimulates nearby cells? a. leptin b. prostaglandin c. melatonin d. thymosin

Answer 42

b: prostaglandin

Question 43

From the following list of endocrine glands and their hormones, choose the pair that is correct: a. ovaries - androgens b. thymus - insulin c. kidney - aldosterone d. adipose tissue - leptin

Answer 43

d: adipose tissue - leptin

Question 44

Match the hormone with the method of action: a. gonadotropin b. prostaglandin c. pheromones 1. affects other individuals 2. stimulates secretions from other glands 3. local action

Answer 44

gonadotropin (a) - stimulates secretions from other glands (2) prostaglandin (b) - local action (3) pheromones (c) - affects other individuals (1)

Question 45

The most common endocrine disorders that develop as we age involve the _______ gland.

Answer 45

thyroid

Question 46

Match the hormone with its effects: a. glucagon b. aldosterone c. parathyroid hormone 1. increases blood calcium levels 2. raises blood pressure 3. raises blood glucose levels

Answer 46

glucagon (a) - raises blood glucose levels (3) aldosterone (b) - raises blood pressure (2) parathyroid hormone (c) - increases blood calcium levels (1)