Chapter 10 - The Endocrine System Flashcards
What kind of gland secretes hormones?
Endocrine gland
True or false: endocrine glands contain ducts
FALSE. Endocrine glands are ductless; they secrete their hormones directly into interstitial fluid
What are the three categories/classifications of hormones?
Amine hormones, steroid hormones, peptide hormones
What type of hormone is created by the steroid nucleus?
Steroid hormone
What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?
Derivative of ATP that responds to messages entering a cell and triggers the cell’s response
Thyrotropin is secreted by which endocrine gland?
Anterior pituitary gland
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), a peptide hormone, works by:
a. binding to a receptor outside the cell & activating a 2nd messenger
b. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating a 2nd messenger
c. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating genes in the DNA
a - binding to a receptor outside the cell & activating a 2nd messenger
Testosterone, a steroid hormone, works by:
a. binding to a receptor outside the cell & activating a 2nd messenger
b. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating a 2nd messenger
c. diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating genes in the DNA
c - diffusing into the cell, binding to a receptor inside the cell, & activating genes in the DNA
The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that attaches to what anatomical structure?
The brain (specifically to the base of the brain that consists of anterior and posterior lobes)
What are the two portions of the pituitary gland?
Posterior (neurohypophysis) and anterior (adenohypophysis)
The hypothalamus produces what two major hormones?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
A system of veins that begins and ends in capillaries is called:
Portal system
Name 4 anterior pituitary hormones that cause the release of other hormones
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid hormone (thyrotropin or TH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin or ACTH)
Oxytocin release from the hypothalamus during labor and delivery is a mechanism that works by positive or negative feedback?
positive feedback
Which if the following is an effect of growth hormone?
a. It promotes fat metabolism
b. It stimulates protein synthesis in bone and cartilage
c. It causes a person to grow taller
d. All of the above
d - all of the above
Is the thyroid gland a small or large gland?
Large gland
To produce triiodothyronine and thyroxine, the thyroid gland must acquire what from the water and food we consume?
Iodine
A goiter is the name for an enlarged _______.
thyroid