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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 3 - Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Cells Flashcards

1
Q

The fluid mosaic model suggests what about membrane structure?

A

The protein molecules have a changing pattern within the fluid phospholipid bilayer

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2
Q

The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane known as the _______________

A

nuclear envelope

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3
Q

Ribosomes are composed two subunits:
a. Two small ones
b. One large and one small
c. Two large ones

A

b. One large and one small

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4
Q

Where are ribosomes found within the cell?

A

In the cytoplasm (either singly or in groups called polyribosomes)

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5
Q

The endomembrane system consists of:

A

The nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

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6
Q

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for __________, _________, and _________, in the cell.

A

Processing, packaging, and secretion

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7
Q

Organelle primarily involved in intracellular digestion:

A

Lysosomes

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8
Q

A missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in the nerve cells leads to what metabolic disease at birth?

A

Tay-Sachs disease

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9
Q

True or false: peroxisomes can break down BOTH fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide

A

True

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10
Q

The liver and kidneys contain a large number of peroxisomes because:

A

Peroxisome enzymes function to detoxify

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11
Q

What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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12
Q

Which organelle produces ATP?

A

The mitochondria

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13
Q

Carbohydrate + oxygen ––> carbon dioxide + water
This process leads to the synthesis of what source of energy?

A

The synthesis of ATP

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14
Q

Cellular respiration is the process that releases _______ from organic compounds in cells

A

energy

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15
Q

The centrosome contains what organelle?

A

Centrioles

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16
Q

What protein strands form cell-to-cell junctions?

A

Intermediate filaments

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17
Q

True or false: flagella are shorter than cilia

A

False - cilia are shorter

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18
Q

Primary function of phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane

A

Form selectively permeable bilayer

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19
Q

Primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane

A

Stabilizes the phospholipid bilayer

20
Q

Primary function of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane

A

Account for a person’s blood type

21
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for forming _____ and ______

A

proteins, lipids

22
Q

match the organelle with the function:
a. nucleolus
b. mitochondrion
c. peroxisome
d. cytoskeleton

  1. break down toxins
  2. ribosome production
  3. allow movement within the cell
  4. ATP production
A

nucleolus (a) - ribosome production (2)
mitochondrion (b) - ATP production (4)
peroxisome (c) - break down toxins (1)
cytoskeleton (d) - allow movement within the cell (3)

23
Q

Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of _____ concentration to ______ concentration until equally distributed

A

Higher, lower

24
Q

True or false: no cellular energy is required for simple diffusion to occur

A

True

25
Q

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is called:

A

Osmosis

26
Q

Osmotic pressure is

A

The amount of pressure needed to stop osmosis

27
Q

Osmolarity of a solution compared to that of a cell is also called

A

Tonicity

28
Q

Solution that contains the same concentration of solutes and water as does the cell is called an

A

Isotonic solution

29
Q

Hypotonic solutions cause cells to: a) burst or b) shrink?

A

a) Burst

30
Q

What is the disintegration of red blood cells called?

A

Hemolysis

31
Q

Hypertonic solutions cause cells to: a) burst or b) shrink?

A

b) shrink

32
Q

Think clinically: An intravenous hypertonic solution may help swelling of the brain in patients with head trauma. How?

A

If a hypertonic solution flows through the blood vessels supplying the brain, osmosis will cause excess fluid (present due to head trauma allowing fluid to escape and surround the brain) to be returned to the bloodstream.

33
Q

What are the smallest blood vessels called?

A

Capillaries

34
Q

Movement of liquid from high pressure to low pressure is called:

A

Filtration

35
Q

Use of a membrane carrier protein to move a substance into or out of a cell from higher or lower concentration:

A

Facilitated diffusion

36
Q

Does facilitated diffusion require energy?

A

No

37
Q

Transfer of a substance into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient by a process:

A

Active transport

38
Q

Does active transport require energy?

A

Yes - it also requires a plasma membrane carrier protein

39
Q

How does the passage of salt across membranes occur?

A

First, sodium ions are pumped across the membrane, then chloride ions simply diffuse through channels that allow their passage

40
Q

The malfunction of chloride ion channels leads to what autosomal recessive disorder in infants and children?

A

Cystic fibrosis

41
Q

What are the two forms of endocytosis called?

A

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

42
Q

Which process requires cellular ATP energy?
a. Osmosis
b. Facilitated diffusion
c. Active transport
d. Simple diffusion

A

c. Active transport

43
Q

A researcher studying the white blood cells of a patient with TB notices the bacteria are in vesicles in the cytoplasm. How did the bacteria come to be inside the cell?

A

The bacteria were taken into the cell by phagocytosis

44
Q

The two major portions of the cell cycle:

A

Interphase and the mitotic stage

45
Q

True or false: during interphase, the cell is dividing

A

False - during interphase, the cell continues its regular activities and gets ready to divide but it is not currently in a stage of division

46
Q

The three stages of interphase are:

A

G1, S, and G2

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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