Chapter 3 - Cells

Question 1

The fluid mosaic model suggests what about membrane structure?

Answer 1

The protein molecules have a changing pattern within the fluid phospholipid bilayer

Question 2

The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane known as the _______________

Answer 2

nuclear envelope

Question 3

Ribosomes are composed two subunits:
a. Two small ones
b. One large and one small
c. Two large ones

Answer 3

b. One large and one small

Question 4

Where are ribosomes found within the cell?

Answer 4

In the cytoplasm (either singly or in groups called polyribosomes)

Question 5

The endomembrane system consists of:

Answer 5

The nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

Question 6

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for __________, _________, and _________, in the cell.

Answer 6

Processing, packaging, and secretion

Question 7

Organelle primarily involved in intracellular digestion:

Answer 7

Lysosomes

Question 8

A missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in the nerve cells leads to what metabolic disease at birth?

Answer 8

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 9

True or false: peroxisomes can break down BOTH fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide

Answer 9

True

Question 10

The liver and kidneys contain a large number of peroxisomes because:

Answer 10

Peroxisome enzymes function to detoxify

Question 11

What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which organelle produces ATP?

Answer 12

The mitochondria

Question 13

Carbohydrate + oxygen ––> carbon dioxide + water
This process leads to the synthesis of what source of energy?

Answer 13

The synthesis of ATP

Question 14

Cellular respiration is the process that releases _______ from organic compounds in cells

Answer 14

energy

Question 15

The centrosome contains what organelle?

Answer 15

Centrioles

Question 16

What protein strands form cell-to-cell junctions?

Answer 16

Intermediate filaments

Question 17

True or false: flagella are shorter than cilia

Answer 17

False - cilia are shorter

Question 18

Primary function of phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane

Answer 18

Form selectively permeable bilayer

Question 19

Primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane

Answer 19

Stabilizes the phospholipid bilayer

Question 20

Primary function of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane

Answer 20

Account for a person’s blood type

Question 21

Endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for forming _____ and ______

Answer 21

proteins, lipids

Question 22

match the organelle with the function:
a. nucleolus
b. mitochondrion
c. peroxisome
d. cytoskeleton

1. break down toxins
2. ribosome production
3. allow movement within the cell
4. ATP production

Answer 22

nucleolus (a) - ribosome production (2)
mitochondrion (b) - ATP production (4)
peroxisome (c) - break down toxins (1)
cytoskeleton (d) - allow movement within the cell (3)

Question 23

Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of _____ concentration to ______ concentration until equally distributed

Answer 23

Higher, lower

Question 24

True or false: no cellular energy is required for simple diffusion to occur

Answer 24

True

Question 25

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is called:

Answer 25

Osmosis

Question 26

Osmotic pressure is

Answer 26

The amount of pressure needed to stop osmosis

Question 27

Osmolarity of a solution compared to that of a cell is also called

Answer 27

Tonicity

Question 28

Solution that contains the same concentration of solutes and water as does the cell is called an

Answer 28

Isotonic solution

Question 29

Hypotonic solutions cause cells to: a) burst or b) shrink?

Answer 29

a) Burst

Question 30

What is the disintegration of red blood cells called?

Answer 30

Hemolysis

Question 31

Hypertonic solutions cause cells to: a) burst or b) shrink?

Answer 31

b) shrink

Question 32

Think clinically: An intravenous hypertonic solution may help swelling of the brain in patients with head trauma. How?

Answer 32

If a hypertonic solution flows through the blood vessels supplying the brain, osmosis will cause excess fluid (present due to head trauma allowing fluid to escape and surround the brain) to be returned to the bloodstream.

Question 33

What are the smallest blood vessels called?

Answer 33

Capillaries

Question 34

Movement of liquid from high pressure to low pressure is called:

Answer 34

Filtration

Question 35

Use of a membrane carrier protein to move a substance into or out of a cell from higher or lower concentration:

Answer 35

Facilitated diffusion

Question 36

Does facilitated diffusion require energy?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Transfer of a substance into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient by a process:

Answer 37

Active transport

Question 38

Does active transport require energy?

Answer 38

Yes - it also requires a plasma membrane carrier protein

Question 39

How does the passage of salt across membranes occur?

Answer 39

First, sodium ions are pumped across the membrane, then chloride ions simply diffuse through channels that allow their passage

Question 40

The malfunction of chloride ion channels leads to what autosomal recessive disorder in infants and children?

Answer 40

Cystic fibrosis

Question 41

What are the two forms of endocytosis called?

Answer 41

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 42

Which process requires cellular ATP energy? a. Osmosis b. Facilitated diffusion c. Active transport d. Simple diffusion

Answer 42

c. Active transport

Question 43

A researcher studying the white blood cells of a patient with TB notices the bacteria are in vesicles in the cytoplasm. How did the bacteria come to be inside the cell?

Answer 43

The bacteria were taken into the cell by phagocytosis

Question 44

The two major portions of the cell cycle:

Answer 44

Interphase and the mitotic stage

Question 45

True or false: during interphase, the cell is dividing

Answer 45

False - during interphase, the cell continues its regular activities and gets ready to divide but it is not currently in a stage of division

Question 46

The three stages of interphase are:

Answer 46

G1, S, and G2