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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4 - Body Tissues and Membranes > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Body Tissues and Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Are epithelial tissues vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular - they lack blood vessels

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2
Q

Where are simple squamous tissues found?

A

Blood capillaries and air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs

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3
Q

Where are stratified squamous tissues found?

A

Skin, entrances of structures opening to the outside

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4
Q

Where are simple cuboidal tissues found?

A

Secreting glands, ovaries, linings of kidney tubules

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5
Q

Where are stratified cuboidal tissues found?

A

Linings of salivary gland and mammary gland ducts

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6
Q

Where are simple columnar tissues found?

A

Lining of digestive organs and linings of uterine tubes

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7
Q

Where are stratified columnar tissues found?

A

Pharynx and the male urethra

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8
Q

Where are pseudostratified columnar tissues found?

A

Air passages of the respiratory system

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9
Q

Where are transitional tissues found?

A

Urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra

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10
Q

Primary function of simple squamous tissue:

A

Allows simple diffusion

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11
Q

Primary functions of simple cuboidal tissue:

A

Secretion and absorption

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12
Q

Primary function of stratified cuboidal tissue:

A

Protection

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13
Q

Primary functions of simple columnar tissue:

A

Protection, secretion, absorption

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14
Q

Primary function of stratified columnar tissue:

A

Protection

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15
Q

Primary functions of pseudostratified columnar tissue:

A

Protection and secretion

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16
Q

Primary function of transitional tissues:

A

Allows organs to expand and contract

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17
Q

What does connective tissue do?

A

Binds structures together, provides support and protection, fills spaces, produces blood cells, and stores fat

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18
Q

The three types of fibers within the matrix are:

A

Collagen, elastic, reticular

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19
Q

The three types of loose connective tissue:

A

Areolar, adipose, and reticular

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20
Q

The three types of dense connective tissue:

A

Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic

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21
Q

Where is areolar connective tissue typically found?

A

Between other tissues or organs

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22
Q

Fibroblasts are primarily found in which connective tissues?

A

Areolar and adipose

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23
Q

Primary function of adipose tissue:

A

Cushion and protect organs, store energy, and insulate the body

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24
Q

Primary function of reticular (or lymphatic) tissue:

A

Defend the organs against infection

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25
Q

Where is dense regular tissue typically found?

A

Tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses

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26
Q

Tendons connect _______ to _____

A

muscles, bones

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27
Q

Ligaments connect _____ to _____

A

bones, bones (at the joints)

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28
Q

Aponeuroses connect _______ to _______

A

muscles, muscles

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29
Q

Where is dense irregular connective tissue typically found?

A

In the dermis and joint capsules

30
Q

Where is elastic connective tissue found?

A

In the walls of the largest arteries and the vocal cords

31
Q

Chondrocytes are the cells found within:

A

Cartilage

32
Q

What are immature chondrocytes called?

A

Chondroblasts

33
Q

Three types of cartilage:

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

34
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage primarily found?

A

Nose, ribs, trachea, and the fetal skeleton

35
Q

Where is elastic cartilage primarily found?

A

Ear, epiglottis (flap at the top of the larynx)

36
Q

Where is fibrocartilage primarily found?

A

Disks between vertebrae, anterior joint between hip bones

37
Q

What is the strongest type of cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage

38
Q

What two types of cells form bone matrix?

A

Osteoblasts and osteocytes

39
Q

Compact bone contains _____ cemented together

A

Osteons

40
Q

Trabeculae is found in which of the following: compact or spongy bone?

A

Spongy bone

41
Q

True or false: blood is classified as a type of connective tissue?

A

True!

42
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen

43
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

To fight against infection

44
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Initiate blood clotting

45
Q

What is the name of the spaces where chondrocytes lie?

A

Lacunae

46
Q

Which of the following tissue types are considered to be voluntary?: smooth, cardiac, or skeletal

A

Skeletal

47
Q

True or false: Skeletal, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle tissues are ALL striated

A

FALSE - Smooth muscle tissue is not striated and has a more irregular pattern

48
Q

A fascia is a combination of which two connective tissues?

A

Areolar and dense irregular connective tissues

49
Q

Match the muscle type with the description:
a. skeletal
b. cardiac
c. smooth

  1. striated and branched cells
  2. no striations and spindle-shaped
  3. striated and multinucleate
A

skeletal (a) - striated and multinucleate (3)
cardiac (b) - striated and branched cells (1)
smooth (c) - no striations and spindle-shaped (2)

50
Q

What feature binds cardiac muscle cells to one another so they contract as a unit?

A

Intercalated disks

51
Q

The three parts of a neuron are:

A

Dendrite, cell body, and axon

52
Q

Primary function of a dendrite:

A

Receiving signals

53
Q

Primary function of the axon:

A

Conducting nerve signals

54
Q

Long axons are called ______

A

fibers

55
Q

In the brain and spinal cord, fibers are bound together to create ______. Outside the brain and spinal cord, they are called ______.

A

tracts, nerves

56
Q

What is the name of cells that outnumber neurons nine to one?

A

Neuroglia

57
Q

Primary function of neuroglia:

A

Nourish and support neurons

58
Q

These types of neuroglia - microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells - are found where in the body?

A

In the brain

59
Q

Primary function of microglia:

A

Engulf bacterial and cellular debris

60
Q

Primary function of astrocytes:

A

Provide nutrients to neurons

61
Q

Primary function of oligodendrocytes:

A

Form myelin (protective layer of fatty insulation)

62
Q

Primary function of ependymal cells:

A

Line the ventricles of the brain

63
Q

Primary function of Schwann cells

A

Provide nerve fibers with an insulating myelin layer called the myelin sheath

64
Q

True or false: the myelin sheath slows down conduction

A

False - it speeds conduction because the nerve signal jumps from node to node

65
Q

Junction with a zipper-like fastening:

A

Tight junction

66
Q

Which junction allows ions, sugars, and small molecules to pass between the two cells?

A

Gap junction

67
Q

An adhesion junction is also called a _________

A

desmosome

68
Q

Glands that secrete their product onto the outer surface or into a cavity are called:

A

exocrine glands

69
Q

Glands that secrete their product internally are called

A

Endocrine glands

70
Q

Which membrane lines the lumens of organs that open to the outside of the body?

A

Mucous membrane

71
Q

Which membrane line freely movable joint cavities?

A

Synovial membranes

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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