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Biology 12 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Digestive system

A

System of organs responsible for breaking down food molecules and absorbing nutrients

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2
Q

Digestion

A

Process of breaking down food into molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body

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3
Q

Nutrients

A

Molecules that must be absorbed for body to function properly

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4
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Long winding tract that begins at mouth and extends to anus

30 ft long

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5
Q

Absorption

A

Transport of digested nutrients from digestive to circulatory system

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6
Q

Mouth

A

Site of ingestion

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7
Q

Ingestion

A

Process of taking in food molecules

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8
Q

What does the mouth specialize in?

A

Digestion of carbohydrates

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9
Q

Saliva

A

Activates taste buds
Lubricates food
Uses enzymes to digest foods (mainly carbs)

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10
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches (carbs) into smaller polysaccharide chains

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11
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Digestion using enzymes

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12
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Digestion that occurs due to movement of tissue

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13
Q

Primary site for mechanical digestion

A

Mouth
Performed by teeth

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14
Q

Esophagus

A

Responsible for transporting food from mouth to stomach

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15
Q

Peristalsis

A

Use of muscle contractions to move food

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16
Q

Sphincters

A

Specialized muscles that restrict movement of food/fluid

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17
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

Sphincter at bottom of esophagus
Controls how much food enters stomach

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18
Q

Stomach

A

Primary site of food storage

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19
Q

What does the stomach specialize in the digestion of?

A

Proteins

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20
Q

What cells does the lining of the stomach contain?

A

Parietal cells
Peptic cells

21
Q

Parietal cells

A

Produce Hydrochloric acid (stomach acid)

22
Q

Peptic cells

A

Release enzyme called pepsinogen

23
Q

What happens to pepsinogen once activated in stomach?

A

Turns into pepsin

24
Q

Pepsin

A

Breaks down proteins into short polypeptide chains

25
Q

Ulcer

A

Site where stomach breaks down and is exposed to HCL

26
Q

Plyoric sphincter

A

At bottom of stomach
Controls how much digested food leaves stomach

27
Q

Small intestine

A

Primary site of absorption and digestion of lipids

28
Q

3 sections of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

29
Q

Duodenum

A

Short section after pyloric sphincter that wraps around pancreas

30
Q

Pancreas

A

Primary site of enzyme production in digestive system

31
Q

Peptidases

A

Pancreatic enzymes that specialize in breaking down polypeptide chains into smaller chains

Ex. Trypsin

32
Q

Disaccharases

A

Break down short carb chains into single monosaccharides

Ex. Lactase

33
Q

Lipase

A

Break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

34
Q

Emulsification

A

Process of breaking down fat globules

35
Q

Liver

A

Produces substance called bile

36
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall bladder

37
Q

Bile

A

Emulsifies ingested lipids; released into duodenum

38
Q

Why is duodenum different PH than stomach acid

A

Blood vessels along duodenum pump bicarbonate ions into HCL, causing neutralization reaction

39
Q

Jejunum

A

Primary site of nutrient absorption
Lined with tube-like structures called villi

40
Q

Villi

A

Shaped like thin tubes along intestinal wall to maximize surface area

Nutrients are absorbed into villi then into bloodstream

41
Q

What do access monosaccharides get stored in the liver cells as?

A

Glycogen

42
Q

Ileum

A

Re absorbs substances necessary for digestion (enzymes, bile, vitamins)

43
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

Controls passage of fluid from small to large intestine

44
Q

Large intestine (colon)

A

Final major organ of digestive system
Re absorbs water that enters from ileum
Home to the gut microbiome

45
Q

Diarrhea

A

When waste passes to quickly through large intestine and water is not absorbed

46
Q

Colonic bacteria

A

Bacteria from microbiome living in large intestine

47
Q

Vitamins created by colonic bacteria

A

Vitamin B12
Vitamin K
Riboflavin
Thiamine

48
Q

Rectum

A

Stored solid waste material (feces)

49
Q

Final sphincter of alimentary canal

A

Anal sphincter (anus)

Biology 12 (10 decks)

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