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Biology 12 > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell

A

Simplest unit of life found in all living things

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2
Q

4 things living things must be able to do

A

Grow
Obtain nutrients/excrete waste
Reproduce
Be responsive to their environment

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3
Q

Unicellular

A

Only contains one cell

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4
Q

Multicellular

A

Contain multiple genetically identical cells

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5
Q

Genetically identical

A

Contain same DNA

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6
Q

Multicellular organism cells can differ in what?

A

Shape size and function

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7
Q

Order of cellular organization

A

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems

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8
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells that are similar in shape size function and capable of recognizing and sticking to eachother

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9
Q

Ex. of tissues

A

Stomach lining- tissue consisting of cells that resist acid and produce chemicals that help break down food

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10
Q

Organs

A

Groups of different tissues working together to perform a specialized function

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11
Q

Ex. Of organ

A

Heart- contains cardiac muscle tissue for movement, nervous tissue for timing and initiating contractions, and connective tissues for holding chambers together

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12
Q

Organ systems

A

Groups of organs that have related functions in body

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13
Q

Ex. Of organ systems

A

Lungs, trachea, and blood vessels work together to form respiratory system

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14
Q

Organelles

A

Structures inside a cell which perform necessary functions for cellular survival

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15
Q

Categorization of cells

A

-Cells
-Prokaryotic to bacteria
-Eukaryotic to animals and plants

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16
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Simplest cells lacking all membrane bound organelles

Smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells

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17
Q

Only organisms that contain prokaryotic cells

A

Bacteria and archaea

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18
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Largest and most complex cells containing diversity of membrane bound organelles

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19
Q

Are animals and plants prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Membrane bound organelle responsible for providing cell with energy

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21
Q

Cristae

A

Finger like projections caused due to folding of mitochondria’s inner membrane

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22
Q

What specializes in cellular respiration

A

Cristae

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23
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process of deriving energy from broken down nutrients
Food particles are reacted with oxygen molecules at the Cristae producing water carbon dioxide and energy

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24
Q

What process produces water coat on dioxide and energy

A

Cellular respiration

25
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

Basic unit of energy in all living things

26
Q

What happens when a chemical reaction that requires energy occurs?

A

-Molecule ATP breaks one of its phosphate bonds which transfers energy
-when ATP used up, becomes ADP which returns to Cristae to have phosphate replenished

27
Q

1/3 of energy from a sugar molecule gets converted into what?

A

ATP

28
Q

2/3 of energy from a sugar molecule gets converted into what?

A

Heat

29
Q

What is the only other human organelle besides nucleus to contain DNA?

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

Which organelle used to be a free living bacteria?

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

One organism living with another

32
Q

How are mitochondria inherited

A

From the mothers egg (reproduce separately)

33
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid contained in the cell outside of the nucleus

34
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Fluid contained inside of the nucleus

35
Q

Nucleus

A

Organelle responsible for storing/protecting cells genetic information (DNA) and directing protein synthesis

36
Q

Chromosomes

A

Coiled, threadlike structures where cell DNA is stored

37
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Double layered outer membrane of nucleus responsible for forming barrier between DNA and cytoplasm

38
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Series of membranous canals that emanate from nucleus and extend through cytoplasm

Space between 2 layers of the nuclear membrane

39
Q

What does the ER allow?

A

Rapid transportation of materials throughout cell

40
Q

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

A

ER covered in ribosomes giving bumpy texture under microscope

Allow for rapid production/secretion of proteins

41
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

ER that lacks ribosomes giving smooth appearance under microscope

Responsible for producing lipids

42
Q

Ribosomes (4 points)

A

Organelle responsible for producing proteins

Can be found attached to ER or suspended in cytoplasm

43
Q

What is the smallest organelle that lacks membrane?

A

Ribosomes

44
Q

What organelle is found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Ribosomes

45
Q

What do ribosomes on the RER make proteins for?

A

Outside of the cell

46
Q

What do ribosomes in the cytoplasm make proteins for?

A

Inside of the cell

47
Q

Golgi Apparatus/Golgi body

A

Membrane bound organelles responsible for packaging proteins/lipids to leave the cell

48
Q

Lipids/proteins destined to leave the cell go from which organelle to which organelle

A

ER to Golgi body

49
Q

What does the Golgi body do with received proteins/lipids?

A

Wraps them in membrane and attaches glycoproteins that allow them to pass through cell membrane

50
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Molecules made up of protein/sugar

51
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membrane bound organelles that move freely through cytoplasm

Use a combo of enzymes and free radicals to rip apart unwanted proteins

52
Q

What 3 things do lysosomes do?

A

Recycle old cell parts, break down food particles and destroy pathogens

53
Q

Pus

A

When cells are dying faster than body lysosomes can recycle dead parts and results in buildup

54
Q

Cell membrane

A

Membranous envelope that surrounds cytoplasm, holds contents of cytoplasm in place and regulate transport in and out of cell

55
Q

What organelle imports nutrients/excretes waste?

A

Cell membrane

56
Q

Cell wall

A

Plant cell structure surrounding cell membrane

Provides shape/rigidity to cell

Made of cellulose

57
Q

Vacuole

A

Large fluid filled sack in plant cell

Stores nutrients/water

58
Q

Plastids

A

Organelles found in plant cell
Produce/store sugar molecules

Biology 12 (10 decks)

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