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Biology 12 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 things do all cells require

A

Oxygen
Nutrients
Release of waste product

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2
Q

Circulatory system

A

Organ system responsible for transport of oxy nut and waste

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3
Q

4 main components of circulatory system

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Heart

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4
Q

RBC

A

Carrier of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What special protein do RBCs contain?

A

Hemoglobin

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6
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Uses 4 iron ions as cofactors to bind oxygen and carbon dioxide

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7
Q

What is blood circulated through?

A

Blood vessels

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8
Q

What includes blood vessels?

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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9
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

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10
Q

Which blood vessel has thick walls and is very elastic and why?

A

Arteries

To withstand pulses of pressure from the heart

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11
Q

Vasodilation

A

Increase in diameter of blood vessel
Increased blood flow

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12
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Decrease in diameter of blood vessel
Decreased blood flow

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13
Q

Pulse

A

Cycle of vaso dilation and constriction as heart pumps blood to arteries

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14
Q

Aneurysm

A

When artery walls thin or weaken and pressure from pulse causes bulge

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15
Q

Which artery carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery

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16
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels in tissue

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17
Q

Which blood vessel contains no muscles?

A

Capillariee

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18
Q

What are capillaries the site for?

A

Nutrient and gas exchange btw blood and cells

Exchanged through diffusion

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19
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart (usually comes from capillaries)

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20
Q

Venous valves

A

Ensure that blood doesn’t move backwards in veins

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21
Q

What helps move blood through venous valves in veins?

A

Muscle contractions

22
Q

Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood? Which is the exception?

A

Deoxygenated blood

Pulmonary vein

23
Q

Varicose veins

A

Pooling of blood stretches and twists vessels due to weakened venous valves

24
Q

Where do varicose veins occur?

A

Legs

25
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins that occur along rectum

26
Q

What do veins do when body temp too high?

A

Veins near surface expand
Blood near surface exchanges heat with environment cooling person down

27
Q

What do veins do when environment too cold?

A

Veins near body surface constrict so blood doesn’t lose heat to environment

28
Q

What do the pulmonary artery and vein service

A

Lungs

29
Q

What do carotid artery and jugular vein service?

A

Brain

30
Q

What do subclavian artery and vein service?

A

Arms

31
Q

What does femoral artery and vein service?

A

Legs

32
Q

Heart

A

Organ responsible for pumping blood throughout circulatory system

33
Q

What separates the left atrium/ventricle from the right side?

A

Septum

34
Q

Atria

A

Smaller chambers that receive blood from body

35
Q

Ventricles

A

Large extremely muscular chambers that pump blood out of heart and to the body

36
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart from?

A

Enters right atrium through one of 2 vena cava veins

37
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Carries blood that arrives from above heart such as jugular or subclavian veins

38
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Carries blood that arrives from below heart such as femoral vein

39
Q

How does blood pass from right atrium to ventricle?

A

Atrioventricular valve

40
Q

AV valves

A

Ensure blood being pushed by ventricles doesn’t move back into atria

41
Q

Semilunar valve

A

Prevent pumped blood from flowing back into ventricle

42
Q

How is the heartbeat created?

A

By nodes (sinoatrial and AV nodes)

43
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Receives electric signals from brain causing atria to contract

44
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

Receives electric signals from SA nodes causing ventricles to contract

45
Q

Electrocardiograms and each part

A

Map electrical current during heartbeat
P wave indicates contraction of atria
QRS wave indicates contraction of ventricles
T wave indicates reset of chambers prior to next heartbeat

46
Q

Lubb and how it’s caused

A

1st sound of heartbeat
Caused when ventricles contract closing AV valves

47
Q

Dubb and how it’s caused

A

2nd sound of heartbeat
Caused by closing of semilunar valve after ventricles relax allowing blood to flow back slamming into semilunar valve

48
Q

Heart murmur

A

When valves don’t close right and blood leaks through

49
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

Pressure of blood while heart is at rest
80mm Hg

50
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Pressure of blood when ventricles contract
120 mm Hg

Biology 12 (10 decks)

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