Circulatory System Flashcards
What 3 things do all cells require
Oxygen
Nutrients
Release of waste product
Circulatory system
Organ system responsible for transport of oxy nut and waste
4 main components of circulatory system
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Heart
RBC
Carrier of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What special protein do RBCs contain?
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin
Uses 4 iron ions as cofactors to bind oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is blood circulated through?
Blood vessels
What includes blood vessels?
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from heart
Which blood vessel has thick walls and is very elastic and why?
Arteries
To withstand pulses of pressure from the heart
Vasodilation
Increase in diameter of blood vessel
Increased blood flow
Vasoconstriction
Decrease in diameter of blood vessel
Decreased blood flow
Pulse
Cycle of vaso dilation and constriction as heart pumps blood to arteries
Aneurysm
When artery walls thin or weaken and pressure from pulse causes bulge
Which artery carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels in tissue
Which blood vessel contains no muscles?
Capillariee
What are capillaries the site for?
Nutrient and gas exchange btw blood and cells
Exchanged through diffusion
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart (usually comes from capillaries)
Venous valves
Ensure that blood doesn’t move backwards in veins
What helps move blood through venous valves in veins?
Muscle contractions
Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood? Which is the exception?
Deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein
Varicose veins
Pooling of blood stretches and twists vessels due to weakened venous valves
Where do varicose veins occur?
Legs
Hemorrhoids
Varicose veins that occur along rectum
What do veins do when body temp too high?
Veins near surface expand
Blood near surface exchanges heat with environment cooling person down
What do veins do when environment too cold?
Veins near body surface constrict so blood doesn’t lose heat to environment
What do the pulmonary artery and vein service
Lungs
What do carotid artery and jugular vein service?
Brain
What do subclavian artery and vein service?
Arms
What does femoral artery and vein service?
Legs
Heart
Organ responsible for pumping blood throughout circulatory system
What separates the left atrium/ventricle from the right side?
Septum
Atria
Smaller chambers that receive blood from body
Ventricles
Large extremely muscular chambers that pump blood out of heart and to the body
Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart from?
Enters right atrium through one of 2 vena cava veins
Superior vena cava
Carries blood that arrives from above heart such as jugular or subclavian veins
Inferior vena cava
Carries blood that arrives from below heart such as femoral vein
How does blood pass from right atrium to ventricle?
Atrioventricular valve
AV valves
Ensure blood being pushed by ventricles doesn’t move back into atria
Semilunar valve
Prevent pumped blood from flowing back into ventricle
How is the heartbeat created?
By nodes (sinoatrial and AV nodes)
Sinoatrial node
Receives electric signals from brain causing atria to contract
Atrioventricular node
Receives electric signals from SA nodes causing ventricles to contract
Electrocardiograms and each part
Map electrical current during heartbeat
P wave indicates contraction of atria
QRS wave indicates contraction of ventricles
T wave indicates reset of chambers prior to next heartbeat
Lubb and how it’s caused
1st sound of heartbeat
Caused when ventricles contract closing AV valves
Dubb and how it’s caused
2nd sound of heartbeat
Caused by closing of semilunar valve after ventricles relax allowing blood to flow back slamming into semilunar valve
Heart murmur
When valves don’t close right and blood leaks through
Diastolic blood pressure
Pressure of blood while heart is at rest
80mm Hg
Systolic blood pressure
Pressure of blood when ventricles contract
120 mm Hg
