Digestion of Macronutrients

Question 1

Digestive tract definition

Answer 1

a series of hollow organs joined in a long twisting tube from mouth to anus

Question 2

organs that make up the digestive tract

Answer 2

mouth
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine (colon)
anus

Question 3

Mechanical digestion

Answer 3

the breakdown of food through chewing, swallowing and muscular movements
it physically breaks down food into smaller pieces

Question 4

Chemical digestion

Answer 4

the break down of food in the mouth, stomach and intestines through the use of acids and enzymes

Question 5

Digestion of CARBOHYDRATES

Answer 5

mouth
mechanical - chewing
chemical - salivary amylase makes maltose

stomach
mechanical - churning of food with gastric juices to make chyme

small intestine
chemical - pancreatic amylase turns maltose to glucose which can then be absorbed

Question 6

Digestion of PROTEINS

Answer 6

mouth
mechanical - chewing

stomach
mechanical - churning of food with gastric juices to make chyme
chemical - pepsin turns protein to peptides

small intestine
chemical - trypsin turns peptides to amino acids which can be absorbed

Question 7

Digestion of FATS

Answer 7

mouth
mechanical - chewing

stomach
mechanical - churning of food with gastric juices to make chyme

small intestine
chemical - bile emulsifies fats into small globules and lipase then breaks these down to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

mouth role in digestion

Answer 8

When you swallow, your tongue pushes the food into your throat.
A small flap of tissue, called the epiglottis, folds over your windpipe to prevent choking and the food passes into your esophagus.

Question 9

oesophagus role in digestion

Answer 9

Once you begin swallowing, the process becomes automatic.
Your brain signals the muscles of the esophagus and peristalsis begins.

Question 10

stomach role in digestion

Answer 10

After food enters your stomach, the stomach muscles mix the food and liquid with digestive juices.
The stomach slowly empties its contents, called chyme, into your small intestine.

Question 11

small intestine role in digestion

Answer 11

The muscles of the small intestine mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, and push the mixture forward for further digestion.
The walls of the small intestine absorb water and the digested nutrients into your bloodstream.
As peristalsis continues, the waste products of the digestive process move into the large intestine.

Question 12

large intestine role in digestion

Answer 12

Waste products from the digestive process include undigested parts of food, fluid, and older cells from the lining of your Digestive tract.
The large intestine absorbs water and changes the waste from liquid into stool.
Peristalsis helps move the stool into your rectum.

Question 13

rectum role in digestion

Answer 13

The lower end of your large intestine, the rectum, stores stool until it pushes stool out of your anus during a bowel movement.

Question 14

peristalsis

Answer 14

involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles throughout the digestive tract