Diabetes Flashcards
What genes are associated with neonatal diabetes?
KCNJ11
ABCC8
What type of insulin is typically used in twice daily regimes?
Insulatard
Which HLA is most associated with diabetes?
HLA-DR3/4
What is the mechanism of action of insulin?
Stimulates glucose uptake by fat cells in the liver
What is the Dawn phenomenon with relation to blood sugars?
Early morning rise in blood sugars secondary to a rise in hormones that increase glucose levels
What are the autonomic signs of hypoglycaemia?
Palpitations
Anxiety
Tremor
What level of a random blood glucose with characteristic symptoms can be diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
> 11.1
What is the underlying cause in neonatal diabetes mellitus?
Genetic mutation (usually monogenic) which causes a defect in the pancreatic beta-cell K-ATP channel
How is neonatal diabetes mellitus managed?
Sulphonylureas
Insulin
What is the genetic mutation in MODY2
Glucokinase receptor mutation
What are the neuroglycopenic symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
Blurred vision
Dizziness
Headache
Weakness
Hunger
N&V
Paraesthesia
Confusion/behavioural symptoms
Fainting
Seizures
Coma
What glucose level along with characteristic symptoms can be diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
> 7
Which investigation is likely to be able to distinguish from type 1 and other types of diabetes?
C-peptide
