Adolescent Health Flashcards
What should be asked about under the H of the HEADS assessment?
Home life:
relationships
social support
chores
What should be asked about under the E of the HEADS assessment?
Education:
school and exams
work experience
career
university
financial issues
What should be asked about under the A of the HEADS assessment?
Activities:
Exercise, sport, other leisure activities
Social relationships, peers
Who can they rely on
Any bullying
What should be asked about under the D of the HEADS assessment?
Drug use:
drugs, cigarettes, alcohol
how much and how often
Diet:
weight
caffeine
binges/vomits
What should be asked about under the S of the HEADS assessment?
Sexual health:
Concerns, periods, contraception
Sleep:
How much
Any difficulties
Waking often
Suicide/Affect:
Depression
Self harm
Body image
Safety:
Issues around substances, sexual health or internet use
Social media:
What platforms, how often each day
Effects on confidence and imaging
Cyber-bullying
What is the treatment of choice for chlamydia?
Azithromycin or doxycycline
What is the treatment of choice for gonorrhoea?
A macrolide
Which antibiotic should be added in cases of PID
Metronidazole
What is the failure rate of emergency contraception if taken within the first 72hours?
2%
Which area of the brain is responsible for executive functioning?
Frontal lobe
What is the nucleus accumbens associated with and how does it apply in teenage behaviours?
Reward, gratification and motivation and fortification of behaviours
More likely to take bigger risks for rewards
What percentage of HIV infections globally involve a child <15y/o?
5%
Via what 2 methods in HIV transmitted?
Bodily fluids
Vertical transmission
Which type of cell does HIV infect?
CD4 lymphocytes
When does primary HIV occur?
4-8weeks after infection
How does primary HIV present?
With an EBV-like illness
How does stage 1 HIV present?
Asymptomatic or persistent, generalised lymph nodes
How does stage 2 HIV present?
Moderate, unexplained weight loss
Recurrent resp. infections
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Recurrent oral ulcers
HZV
Angular chelitis
How does stage 3 HIV present?
Severe weight loss (>10%)
Unexplained chronic diarrhoea
Unexplained persistent fever
Oral candida or hairy leukoplakia
Pulm. TB in last 2 years
Severe bacterial infections
Unexplained neutropenia or anaemia
Acute necrotising ulcerative stomatitis, gingivitis or periodontitis
How does stage 4 HIV present?
Kaposi sarcoma
HIV-wasting syndrome
PCP
Oesophageal candidiasis
CNS toxoplasmosis
Recurrent or severe pneumonia
HIV encephalopathy
Thrombocytopenia
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
CMV retinitis
Cerebral or B-cell NHL
What testing is done to diagnose HIV in neonates?
HIV DNA or RNA PCR checked at 24-48hours, 6 weeks and 3-4months
When do positive HIV antibodies indicate a diagnosis of HIV in a child?
Positive on 2 separate occasions in a child >18months born to an HIV +ve mother or just positive x2 in a child born to an HIV -ve mother
What combination of ARTs are given to children with HIV?
2x NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
INI (integrase inhibitor)
NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) or PI (protease inhibitor)
What type of HIV drug is lamivudine?
NRTI
