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1MRCPCH FOP and TAS > Adolescent Health > Flashcards

Adolescent Health Flashcards

1
Q

What should be asked about under the H of the HEADS assessment?

A

Home life:
relationships
social support
chores

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2
Q

What should be asked about under the E of the HEADS assessment?

A

Education:
school and exams
work experience
career
university
financial issues

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3
Q

What should be asked about under the A of the HEADS assessment?

A

Activities:
Exercise, sport, other leisure activities
Social relationships, peers
Who can they rely on
Any bullying

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4
Q

What should be asked about under the D of the HEADS assessment?

A

Drug use:
drugs, cigarettes, alcohol
how much and how often
Diet:
weight
caffeine
binges/vomits

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5
Q

What should be asked about under the S of the HEADS assessment?

A

Sexual health:
Concerns, periods, contraception
Sleep:
How much
Any difficulties
Waking often
Suicide/Affect:
Depression
Self harm
Body image
Safety:
Issues around substances, sexual health or internet use
Social media:
What platforms, how often each day
Effects on confidence and imaging
Cyber-bullying

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6
Q

What is the treatment of choice for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin or doxycycline

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7
Q

What is the treatment of choice for gonorrhoea?

A

A macrolide

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8
Q

Which antibiotic should be added in cases of PID

A

Metronidazole

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9
Q

What is the failure rate of emergency contraception if taken within the first 72hours?

A

2%

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10
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for executive functioning?

A

Frontal lobe

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11
Q

What is the nucleus accumbens associated with and how does it apply in teenage behaviours?

A

Reward, gratification and motivation and fortification of behaviours
More likely to take bigger risks for rewards

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12
Q

What percentage of HIV infections globally involve a child <15y/o?

A

5%

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13
Q

Via what 2 methods in HIV transmitted?

A

Bodily fluids
Vertical transmission

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14
Q

Which type of cell does HIV infect?

A

CD4 lymphocytes

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15
Q

When does primary HIV occur?

A

4-8weeks after infection

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16
Q

How does primary HIV present?

A

With an EBV-like illness

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17
Q

How does stage 1 HIV present?

A

Asymptomatic or persistent, generalised lymph nodes

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18
Q

How does stage 2 HIV present?

A

Moderate, unexplained weight loss
Recurrent resp. infections
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Recurrent oral ulcers
HZV
Angular chelitis

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19
Q

How does stage 3 HIV present?

A

Severe weight loss (>10%)
Unexplained chronic diarrhoea
Unexplained persistent fever
Oral candida or hairy leukoplakia
Pulm. TB in last 2 years
Severe bacterial infections
Unexplained neutropenia or anaemia
Acute necrotising ulcerative stomatitis, gingivitis or periodontitis

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20
Q

How does stage 4 HIV present?

A

Kaposi sarcoma
HIV-wasting syndrome
PCP
Oesophageal candidiasis
CNS toxoplasmosis
Recurrent or severe pneumonia
HIV encephalopathy
Thrombocytopenia
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
CMV retinitis
Cerebral or B-cell NHL

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21
Q

What testing is done to diagnose HIV in neonates?

A

HIV DNA or RNA PCR checked at 24-48hours, 6 weeks and 3-4months

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22
Q

When do positive HIV antibodies indicate a diagnosis of HIV in a child?

A

Positive on 2 separate occasions in a child >18months born to an HIV +ve mother or just positive x2 in a child born to an HIV -ve mother

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23
Q

What combination of ARTs are given to children with HIV?

A

2x NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
INI (integrase inhibitor)
NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) or PI (protease inhibitor)

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24
Q

What type of HIV drug is lamivudine?

A

NRTI

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25
Q

What type of HIV drug is efavirenz?

A

NNRTI

26
Q

What type of HIV drug is atazanavir?

A

PI

27
Q

What type of HIV drug is doletegravir?

A

INI

28
Q

What type of HIV drug is elvitegravir?

A

INI

29
Q

What type of HIV drug is darunavir?

A

PI

30
Q

What type of HIV drug is nevirapine?

A

NNRTI

31
Q

What type of HIV drug is zidovudine?

A

NRTI

32
Q

What type of HIV drug is ritonavir?

A

PI

33
Q

What type of HIV drug is etravirine?

A

NNRTI

34
Q

What type of HIV drug is raltegravir?

A

INI

35
Q

What type of HIV drug is tenotovir?

A

NRTI

36
Q

What type of HIV drug is rilpivirine?

A

NNRTI

37
Q

What type of HIV drug is abacavir?

A

NRTI

38
Q

What type of HIV drug is fosamprenavir?

A

PI

39
Q

What type of HIV drug is emtricitabine?

A

NRTI

40
Q

What ART therapy are low risk infants born to HIV +ve mothers started on?

A

zidovudine monotherapy for 4 weeks

41
Q

What ART therapy are high risk infants born to HIV +ve mothers started on?

A

zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine

42
Q

Which ART drug is most associated with new onset psychiatric symptoms?

A

Efavirenz

43
Q

Which ART drug causes a rash and darkening of palms and soles?

A

Emtricitabine

44
Q

What disease is caused by treponema pallidum?

A

Syphilis

45
Q

What 2 ways can syphilis be transmitted?

A

Sexual contact
Mother to child during childbirth

46
Q

How does primary syphilis present?

A

Chancre at site of infection

47
Q

What happens in secondary syphilis?

A

Latent stage with no clinical symptoms

48
Q

What organ systems can tertiary syphilis affect?

A

CNS
CVS
Skin

49
Q

How does congenital syphilis present?

A

Skin lesions
Bone abnormalities
Hepatosplenomegaly
Developmental issues

50
Q

What serological testing can be done to confirm syphilis?

A

Rapid plasma reagin
T.pallidum particle agglutination
Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption

51
Q

What pharmacological management is given for early syphilis?

A

benzathine benzylpenicillin or doxycycline/erythromycin for 14days

52
Q

What pharmacological management is given for late syphilis?

A

benzathine benzylpenicillin or doxycycline

53
Q

What pharmacological management is given for asymptomatic contacts of syphilis?

A

doxycycline

54
Q

What STI has a gram stain which would show gram negative diplococci?

A

Gonorrhoea

55
Q

How does gonorrhoea typically present?

A

Purulent urethral discharge typically 7 days after exposure

56
Q

What is first line treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

Ceftriaxone or cefixime

57
Q

Which HPV strains are the most onocogenic?

A

16&18

58
Q

How does treponema pallidum appear on microscopy?

A

Gram -ve spirochetes

59
Q

What is the mechanism of action of azithromycin?

A

Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome

60
Q

What is the first line treatment in chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

61
Q
A

1MRCPCH FOP and TAS (23 decks)

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