Development pt.3 Flashcards
Who is the father of the attachment theory and what did he believe
John Bolby
believed that children are born with innate drives to form attachments with their caregivers
Infants engage behaviours to avoid separation (like crying) which are evolutionary mechanisms and are part of natural selection
What did Mary Ainsworth create
created a way to measure infant and caregiver attachment, created the strange situation paradigm (when the stranger walks in the room)
4 different attachments were made
What is “Secure Attachment”
distressed when the parent leaves and gets happy when the parent returns
What is “Insecure-resistant attachment”
holds on to the parent to prevent separation and doesn’t seek comfort when the parent returns
What is “Insecure-avoidant attachment”
Shows little interest when the parent leaves or disappears
What is “Disorganized Attachment”
doesn’t show a consistent response, wants to be close to the parent and also away from the parent
What percent of infants across cultures demonstrate a secure attachment style
50 - 75%
What are some Criticisms of the Attachment Theory
- Can be from nature not only nurture
- Doesn’t show attachment in “non-stressful situations”
- one might be attached to another parent (not just their mother) or multiple people
What are some criticisms of Kohlbergs theory of moral development
not realistic (children won’t be faced with most of these situations)
not really generalized to females
What does the Prefrontal Cortex have to do with cognitive development
since the prefrontal cortex isn’t aS developed until the mid 20’s, adolescents engage in risk taking
development of the prefrontal cortex helps with impulse control
What is “Foreclosed Identity”
when a persons identity is given to them and not chosen themeselves
eg, parents choosing their career
What is “Identity Diffusion”
when a person doesn’t commit to any identity and can’t make decisions about it
What is “Psychosocial Moratorium”
having an identity crisis and spending years trying to find your identity (can’t make a choice)
What is “Identity Achievement”
exploring and finding
What is Adolescent Egocentrism
failure to differentiate between the cognitive concerns for orders and those for yourself
