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Peds > Development of Play > Flashcards

Development of Play Flashcards

1
Q

Pretend or symbolic play

A

Dolls or figurines and toys used to represent people, animals, things

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2
Q

Constructive play

A

Involves building and constructing things, drawing, and puzzles

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3
Q

Rough and tumble play

A

Active movement, may or may not involve other children; jumping, running, swinging, sliding

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4
Q

Functions of play

A 
Biophysical development
Enculturation
Enhance cognitive development
Learning adult roles
Affective development
Social development
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5
Q

Biophysical development

A

Play aids in the development of fine and gross motor skills

First signs of play in infants is repetition of pleasurable movements for the fun of it and to master movements

Practice > skill > natural repertoire > goal achievement

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6
Q

Enculturation

A

Play activities allow children to practice roles related to their cultural background

Games with rules provide children a socially acceptable way to work out conflict and cooperation

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7
Q

Learning adult roles

A

Children learn to adapt to the realities of life roles via play

Through play more mature ways of functioning are explored and learned

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8
Q

Cognitive development

A

Piaget believed that play is essential to cognitive development and assists i development of…

Spatial relationships
Object manipulation
Creativity
Categorization
Problem solving
Perceptual skills
Reasoning skills
Language concepts
Cause and effect
Sharing/turn taking
Planning or developing strategies
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9
Q

Hurlock

A

When the end is more important than the means, the activity is more like work

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10
Q

Concrete

A

Self-centered activities

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11
Q

Abstract

A

Concept-centered activities

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12
Q

Reality play

A

An object is used for its intended purpose

Blocks to build

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13
Q

Object fantasy

A

Entirely new identity is attributed to the object

Blocks as cars

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14
Q

Person fantasy

A

People qualities are actively represented

Taking on elements of different people

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15
Q

Announced fantasy

A

The theme is announced before acting out

Going to the North Pole and not breaking character

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16
Q

Affective development

A

Through play activities children learn rules of the external and internal (emotional) worlds and how to balance them

Children learn: correlations, trust, self-control, and control over frustration, impulse control, diligence

Erikson suggests that children need to learn appropriate behaviors via play in the childhood years to develop the self-confidence needed to succeed in adolescence and adulthood

17
Q

Social development

A

Through play the child learns to distinguish self from others

The learn how to interact with others, get their needs met and meet the needs of others

Developmental changes seen in play reflect the increasing social maturity of the child

18
Q

Parten’s Stages of Social Play

A

Unoccupied behavior - infancy

Solitary play - toddlerhood

Onlooker play - early preschool

Parallel play - middle preschool

Associative play - middle to late preschool

Cooperative play - late preschool

19
Q

Birth to 1 month

A

Dominant activity is the simple exercise of reflexes

No real play

20
Q

1-4 months

A

First signs of play begins with infant repeating sounds or body movements for pleasure (sensation)

21
Q

4-8 months

A

Child repeats activities that have a pleasing effect on the senses or the environment i.e. crumpling paper, shaking rattles, banging objects together

Arms to midline
Cause and effect

22
Q

8-12 months

A

Beginning of intentional goal directed behavior, object permanence developing, repetition of activities

Sorting and dumping activities begin

23
Q

12-18 months

A

Rather than repeating the child intentionally varies actions to make them more exciting.

Uses objects appropriately i.e. stacking blocks rather than banging or mouthing

24
Q

12-24 months

A

Symbolism emerges. Sensorimotor play gradually being replaced with symbolic play. Appropriate use of toys

Stick is now baseball bat

25
Q

Two year old

A

Because of the two year old’s need to assert their independence they may seem stubborn, rigid, negative

Language is developing and they love being read to

Interested in sensory exploration and materials such as finger paint, play, or sand

Play is more important than creating a product

26
Q

Three year old

A

Highly imaginative and interested in dramatic play

More interested in the results of their creative efforts (products)

27
Q

Four year old

A

More self-confident and secure

Have greater success with fine and gross motor skills

More aware of gender roles than 3 year olds

28
Q

Five year olds

A

Beginning to show signs of logical thinking (concrete operations per Piaget)

See the world as rational and orderly

More stable and are usually more eager to please

Better able to distinguish reality from fantasy (playing games that have a structure)

29
Q

Effect of disabilities on play skill

A

Physical disabilities - children will have difficulty moving to and manipulating materials

Cognitive disabilities - need many opportunities to imitate and learn play skills before being able to engage in play

Often have difficulty with socio-dramatic play or make believe due to difficulty with abstract thinking

30
Q

Communication disorders

A

Have difficulty understanding and making themselves understood, have difficulty directing play activities

31
Q

Strategies for Incorporating Play

A
  1. Plan well
  2. Be flexible and have back-up plan
  3. Use the environment
  4. Let the child take the lead
  5. Incorporate family members
  6. Use music
  7. Integrate goals of other disciplines
  8. Be aware of child’s chronological age vs. developmental age
  9. Respect the dignity of the child and family
  10. Use adaptations as needed
32
Q

Replica or theme play

A

When children reproduce familiar situations with toys

33
Q

Structured v. Unstructured toys

A

Train set vs. blocks to build a train and tracks

34
Q

Manner of Thinking

A

Is when the adult can model or pretend doing an activity that was just done in reality

Taking a drink from an imaginary cup after pouring juice into a real cup

Using objects to pretend to be another

35
Q

Parallel play

A

Children must be in proximity of one another

Can encourage interaction, imitation, and perhaps turn taking

Peds (25 decks)

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