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Peds > Autism > Flashcards

Autism Flashcards

1
Q

Screening tools

A

Autism Disorder Observation Scale (ADOS)

Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)

Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children (STAT)

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2
Q

DSM IV Diagnostic Criteria

Autistic Disorder

A

Impaired development of social interaction and communication

Markedly restricted repertoire of interests and activities

Symptoms before age 3

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3
Q

DSM IV Diagnostic Criteria

Asperger Syndrome

A

Delays in social interaction

Repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities

No delays in language, speech, cognition, or curiosity

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4
Q

DSM IV Diagnostic Criteria

Pervasive Developmental Disorders - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

A

Does not meet specific criteria for Autism

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5
Q

Differential dx

A

Rhett Disorder

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Fragile X Syndrome

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6
Q

Rhett Disorder

A

Genetic

Females with typical development

Brain growth decelerates, skills lost starting around 5 mos

Stereotypical arm movements

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7
Q

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

A

Typical development

Sudden loss of language, bowel, and bladder control after 2 years or older

No genetic reason

If they develop typically and it drops off, it’s CDD

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8
Q

Fragile X Syndrome

A

Genetic
Males
Presentation very similar to ASD
Hearing and visual impairments

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9
Q

DSM V

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Autism Disorder

Asperger’s Syndrome

PDD-NOS

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10
Q

DSM V

Social Communication Disorder

A

Limitations in the social use of language

Absence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors

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11
Q

DSM V Levels of Severity

A

Level 3 - Requires Very Substantial Support

Level 2 - Requires Substantial Support

Level 1 - Requires Support

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12
Q

Level 3 - Requires Very Substantial Support

A

Severe deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills cause severe impairments in functioning, very limited initiation of social interactions, and minimal response to social overtures from others

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13
Q

Level 2 - Requires Substantial Support

A

Marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills; social impairments apparent even with supports in place; limited initiation of social interactions; and reduced or abnormal responses to social overtures from others

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14
Q

Level 1 - Requires Support

A

Without supports in place, deficits in social communication cause noticeable impairments. Difficulty initiating social interactions, and clear examples of atypical or unsuccessful response to social overtures of others. May appear to have decreased interest in social interactions

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15
Q

Typical dx ages

A

May be diagnosed as early as 2 years, typically closer to 4

ASD - 4 years

PDD-NOS - 4 years 2 mos

Asperger’s - 6 years 2 mos

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16
Q

Signs noticed within 1st year

A

Vision and hearing

Social and communication

Fine motor

17
Q

Potential Risk Factors

A

Weak link to genetic syndromes (10%)

Identical twins and siblings

46% of children with ASD have above average intellectual ability

Children born to older parents have a higher risk of being diagnosed with ASD

Exposure to prescription meds

18
Q

Vaccination risk factor

A

NO CONNECTION

Mercury no longer used to bind medications

19
Q

Prevalence in boys vs girls

A

Significantly more common in boys than girls

Boys 1 in 42
Girls 1 in 189

20
Q

Neuropathology

A

Typical head circumference at birth, increases in the first 2 years

Overgrowth in frontal and temporal lobes, amygdala

…

Overconnection of “short range” neurons, underconnection of “long range”

Poor integration of areas

Ability to complete “simple” tasks is uninhibited

21
Q

Attention and ASD

A

Preoccupations

Difficulty shifting focus

Lack of or delayed response to name

22
Q

Executive functioning and ASD

A

Difficulty inhibiting repetitive movements

Inflexibility in patterns

23
Q

Social/communication and ASD

A

Difficult developing social relationships

Solitary play

Lack of eye contact

Language…
Lack of language
Echolalia
Pragmatic language

24
Q

Echolalia

A

Parent says something and the child repeats it right back to you

25
Q

Motor and ASD

A

Communication and sensory impairments are the “hallmark” of diagnosis

Large scale studies have demonstrated deficits in...
Arm movements
Bilateral coordination
Gait and balance
Praxis/motor planning
26
Q

Stereotypical motor behavior and ASD

A

Repetitive

Resistance to change

Impulsive behaviors

Excessive preoccupation

27
Q

ASD Gait may appear…

A

Ataxic

Lack of alternate arm swing
Toe walking (sensation)
Deficits in feedback and feedforward

28
Q

Praxis and Imitation and ASD

A

Impaired ability to plan, coordinate, and execute complex movements sequences

Able to perform simple motor tasks

May perform more complex tasks spontaneously

Poor imitation skills

Hypotonia, especially trunkal

29
Q

Preferences

A

Textures
Activities
Routines

30
Q

Only assessment for this population…

A

Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC)

31
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis

A

Each skill broken down into component parts

Discrete trials

Intense, carryover at home needed

32
Q

Developmental Individual Difference Relationship-based model (Floor Time)

A

Promotes social interaction

Adult follows child’s lead

Observe - Approach - Follow child’s lead - Child expresses idea

Child feels warm and connected; feels understood

33
Q

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

A

Can have multiple pages in their book

Child exchanges picture for desired object

34
Q

PECS Phases

A

Hand over hand assistance with picture selection and exchange

Self-initiated communication

Multiple pictures to choose from

Sentence strip

Add adjectives

Going beyond basic needs: I see, I feel, I like

35
Q

PT Interventions

A

Apraxia/motor planning
Dynamic balance
Safety awareness
Push-in to facilitated carryover

36
Q

Dietary Restrictions

A

Gluten and dairy free
Nutritional supplements
“Hidden” food allergy testing
Detoxification of heavy metals

No scholarly evidence to support this program

37
Q

In general…

A

Neurodevelopmental disorder in which persons present with a range of impairments in social interaction, verbal, and nonverbal communication, as well as restrictions in behaviors an interests

Additionally, the majority of children with ASDs may have significant perceptuo-motor impairments that deserve assessment and intervention

Peds (25 decks)

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