Development II Flashcards
Prone lying
Initially dominated by physiological flexion
TV shoulders
Seen in children with low tone
Weight shifting in prone on elbows
Helps develop supination and pronation
Arm progression in walking
High guard to medium guard to low guard to reciprocal swing
Crawling
Belly on floor
Like an army crawl
Creeping
Hands and knees
Low-tone
Sway back Poor co-contraction around the shoulders Hyperextended elbows Wide BOS Hanging head
High-tone
Neck hyperext LE hyper flex to combat extensor tone "Bunny hop" due to poor dissociation of body parts Wide or narrow BOS Arched or rounded back WB on the dorsum of the hand
Hands to knees, feet, and feet to mouth
Allows for exploration of the body and development of body image
Allows for rotation and cross body reaching
Allows for elongation of the posterior LE musculature to prepare for standing
Sitting progression
Propped sitting Ring sitting Long sitting Side sitting Forward (tripod) Side to side Posterior
Parachute reaction
6-7 months
Hitching
Children will scoot on their bottoms, sometimes using their LEs to dig into the floor to pull them forward
Often seen in children with abnormal development and prevents transition to creeping
Children with hemiplegia
Children with LOW tone with WBOS in ring sitting
Independent standing
Often by accident
Quickly drop down to bottom
Initial locomotion traits
Wide base
Hip ER and ABD
Flat foot
Waddling gait
Locomotion with practice and maturation
Increasing hip and knee extension Decrease hip ABD and ER Decreased pronation Development of heel strike UEs from high guard to low guard to reciprocal arm swing
Gait parameter changes with age
Decreased…
BOS
Cadence
Increased…
Step length
Stride length
Single limb stance duration
Gait velocity
Low-tone walking
Knee hyperextension
Decreased step length
Wide BOS
ER and ABD LE pattern
High-tone walking
Scissoring gait Walking on toes High guard IR Increase hip and knee flexion
Stair climbing progression
Step-to pattern
Two hand on rail facing side
1 hand on rail reciprocally
Goals of Motor Development
To control the body against gravity
To maintain our center of gravity within our base of support
To perform intra and inter-segmental isolated movements
