Development Of Economy 1861 - 1917

Question 1

7 main events/individuals

Answer 1

Emancipation of the Serfs
Mikhail von Reutern
Nikolai von Bunge
Ivan Vyshnegradsky
Sergei Witte
Stolypin
Dual Power

Question 2

Mikhail von Reutern was the Minister of Finance from ____ to ____

Answer 2

Mikhail von Reutern was the Minister of Finance from 1862 to 1878

Question 3

Nikolai von Bunge was the Minister of Finance from ____ to ____

Answer 3

Nikolai von Bunge was the Minister of Finance from 1881 to 1887

Question 4

Ivan Vyshnegradsky was the Minister of Finance from ____ to ____

Answer 4

Ivan Vyshnegradsky was the Minister of Finance from 1887 to 1892

Question 5

Sergei Witte was the Minister of Finance from ____ to ____

Answer 5

Sergei Witte was the Minister of Finance from 1892 to 1903

Question 6

Pyotr Stolypin was the Prime Minister from ____ to ____

Answer 6

Pyotr Stolypin was the Prime Minister from 1906 to 1911

Question 7

The emancipation in 1861 created ______ but kept peasants ____

Answer 7

The emancipation in 1861 created Kulaks but kept peasants poor

Question 8

Von Reutern reformed the ____, abolished ______, and introduced which 3 types of banks?

Answer 8

Reformed the treasury
Abolished tax-farming
Introduced state banks, municipal banks, and savings banks (1860, -62, -69)

Question 9

During von Reuterns term of office, there was an annual growth rate of __%

Answer 9

6%

Question 10

During von Reuterns term of office, oil extraction began in ____, and ironworks were set up in _______ in ____

Answer 10

During von Reuterns term of office, oil extraction began in 1871, and ironworks were set up in Donetsk in 1872

Question 11

State 3 issues with von Reutern’s economy

Answer 11

1/3 expenditure went to debt repayment
Peasantry stayed poor
Domestic market stayed small

Question 12

Von Bunge set up the ______ in ____, and later the _______ in _____.

Answer 12

Von Bunge set up the Peasants’ Land Bank in 1883, and later the Nobles’ Land Bank in 1885.

Question 13

Von Bunge lowered _________, and improved working conditions by restricting _______

Answer 13

Lowered redemption payments
Restricted child labour

Question 14

Von Bunge was ultimately ______, as he contributed to an increasingly _________

Answer 14

Sacked
Weak economy

Question 15

Vyshnegradsky famously said…

Answer 15

“We ourselves shall not eat, but we shall export”

Question 16

To boost industry and encourage ____ production, Vyshnegradsky introduced a __% ______ tariff on raw materials.

Answer 16

To boost industry and encourage iron production, Vyshnegradsky introduced a 30% import tariff on raw materials.

Question 17

Who negotiated valuable loans from France in 1888?

Answer 17

Vyshnegradsky

Question 18

From 1881 to 1891, increased grain requisitioning led to increased grain exports by __%

Answer 18

18%

Question 19

By ____ the Russian budget was in surplus

Answer 19

1892

Question 20

What was the most devastating event during Vyshnegradsky’s term of office?

Answer 20

The 1891-1892 famines
350,000 deaths

Question 21

During Witte’s term of office, foreign investment ____ from ____ in _____ to _____ by ______

Answer 21

Foreign investment tripled from
280mil in 1895 to 900mil by 1900

Question 22

A new rouble was created, adopting the gold standard in ____

Answer 22

1897

Question 23

Witte introduced a railway construction programme, and ______km had been laid by ____

Answer 23

600,000km by 1905

Question 24

Foreign investment increased to ___ million roubles by ____

Answer 24

Foreign investment increased to 215 million roubles by 1880

Question 25

What did Witte neglect?

Answer 25

Agriculture

Question 26

What was abolished in 1907?

Answer 26

Redemption payments

Question 27

Stolypin’s agrarian reforms focused on increasing _____, which would result in a more invested peasantry.

Answer 27

The number of peasant landowners

Question 28

As a result of the agrarian reforms, agricultural output increased by ___

Answer 28

1/3

Question 29

By 1905, __% of landlord land had passed to the peasantry

Answer 29

27

Question 30

Stolypin’s reforms were largely unsuccessful, as peasants were _____, and he had to resort to _______

Answer 30

Reluctant to change
Force and terror

Question 31

By 1914, only __% of Euro-Russian peasants had set up farms outside communes

Answer 31

10

Question 32

In 1917, there were ____, ____, and ______ shortages

Answer 32

Food
Fuel
Raw materials

Question 33

In 1917 the railway system…

Answer 33

Showed signs of breaking down

Question 34

___ factories in Petrograd shut down between _____ and _____ 1917; _______ jobs were lost

Answer 34

568 factories
Between February and July
100,000 jobs lost

Question 35

In 1917, grain prices in Petrograd _____ between _____ and _____

Answer 35

Doubled between February and June

Question 36

____ Russia produced ____ million tonnes coal, while the UK produced ____ million tonnes

Answer 36

1913 Russia produced 29.2 million tonnes coal, while the UK produced 292 tonnes

Question 37

Production of __ and ___ rose from _ to __ million poods

Answer 37

Production of iron and steel rose from 9 to 76 million poods

Question 38

Foreign investment had ____ by 1880

Answer 38

Foreign investment had doubled by 1880