Alexander III - Counter Reforms Flashcards
Alexander III believed the ‘Great reforms’ were the cause of…
The social and political upheaval that Russia had since suffered.
What were the 5 areas of his counter reforms?
Local government, judicial, police, education, and censorship
Statute on Land Captains was introduced in…
1889
The Land Captains…
Centralised local governments, as they could override zemstva decisions
In the local governments, _____ was reduced
Peasant representation.
Name one of the conservative ministers appointed
Tolstoi
Electorate for _______ were reduced
Municipal councils
Only __% of the population of Moscow could vote.
0.7%
The Minister of Justice was given greater control and…
Responsibility for appointing town judges.
___ and ___ qualifications needed by jurors were increased
Property and educational
Overall, the ___ and ___ of the judicial system was removed
Transparency and fairness
In 1881, the Third Section was replaced with the…
Okhrana
The ________ in ____ gave police unprecedented powers
Statute on police surveillance
1882
Due to increased repression, there were no…
Revolutionary stirrings in Russia for a decade
Between 1881 and 1894, there were ____ exiles of ‘dissidents’
5,000
Lower class education was restricted to…
Primary education
Most schools were placed under…
Church control
Who was the Supreme Procurator of the Holy Synod?
Pobedonostsev
__% of the population were literate in ____
21%
1897
University students were banned from gathering groups of…
5 or more
There was an increased focus on…
Religious, moral, and patriotic grounds
The __________ in ____ allowed newspapers to be closed down and life bans on editors and publishers
Temporary Regulations
1882
All _____ needed official approval
Literary publications
_______ was enforced in theatre, arts, and culture
Russificiation
The ____ in ____ made appointments of chancellors, deans, and professors subject to the approval of the Education Ministry
University Charter
1884
In ____ Alexander III held the Trial of the __
1882
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