3: Collectivisation Flashcards
How many farms had been collectivised by 1929?
7%
When did forced collectivisation begin?
1930
How many farms had been collectivised by 1930?
25%
How many farms had been collectivised by 1939?
Virtually all of them
When did Stalin call for the liquidation of the Kulaks?
December 1929
Was it a success economically?
No - grain production fell and 1935 private plots allowed again accounted for most production. Did not even help industrialisation because resources produced had to be diverted back into agriculture.
Was it a success politically?
Yes - despite great suffering, it ensured the peasants adhered to the regime by placing them under strict control (MTS). It was also popular in the party and praised by foreigners as a socialist success, and Stalin was viewed as a uniting force.
Grain exports 1928 to 1931 to 1934
0.03 million tonnes to 5.06 to 0.77 (yikes)
How much labour force entered towns from collectivised farms per year?
3 million
Grain procurement increase
From 11 million tonnes in 1928 to 22.6 in 1933
Grain production increase/decrease
Harvests dramatically dropped in the early 1930s
“3 Good years” 1935 to 1938 as grain production reached 1926 levels again
Animal population statistics
Meat production did not return to pre-1930 levels until 1953
18 million horses and 100 million sheep killed in protest (livestock population never recovered)
Tractor facts!!!
Consumed half the production of steel 1932
Prices kept artifically high to extract revenue from peasants, so despite 75,000 available, less than half were used.
Impact of grain requisitioning
1932-4 Holodomor famine in Ukraine
c.7 million die
Ideological and political motives of collectivisation?
To change capitalist peasants
War scare 1927
Appealing to party
Consolidating power after defeating Bukharin’s NEP support
