2 1905 Revolution

Question 1

Long term causes

Answer 1

RIPPLE
Repression
Industrialisation
Population growth
Peasant poverty / land hunger
Lack of reform / adherence to autocracy
Ethnic minorities / Russification

Question 2

Medium term causes

Answer 2

Economic slump and 1900 depression
War exacerbated issues with raw material shortages, which led to factories closing and unemployment

Question 3

Short term causes

Answer 3

Bloody Sunday - 130 killed, hundreds injured

Question 4

Notable asassinations

Answer 4

Plehve - 1904
Grand Duke Sergei (Tsar’s uncle) - Feb 1905

Question 5

What concessions were offered in February?

Answer 5

Bulygin script offered a consultative (merely advisory) assembly and other reforms but was rejected

Question 6

When was the Peace of Portsmouth?

Answer 6

August 1905

Question 7

Development of strikes/revolts

Answer 7

January - 100,000
February - 400,000
June - Potemkin mutiny
October - 2 million and almost no active railways

Question 8

Weaknesses of opposition

Answer 8

Not united and uncoordinated
Wanted different things so government concessions bought off many
Mass protests were outbreaks of rage sufficient to force concessions, but not revolution

Question 9

Strengths of Tsar

Answer 9

Kept best troops back from war
Army remained loyal and was used extensively
Tactical political reforms - October Manifesto caused division in opposition

Question 10

Use of the army to put down uprisings

Answer 10

2700 times

Question 11

Working class’ role

Answer 11

Strikes
Armed risings

Question 12

Middle class’ role

Answer 12

Propaganda
Union of Unions formed early on
Student riots

Question 13

Peasants’ role

Answer 13

Land seizures
Labour and rent strikes
Attacks on landlord’s estates
Peasant Union formed in May

Question 14

Political parties’ role

Answer 14

No major role
Surprised by strength of unrest and late to party
SRs assassinated Grand Duke Sergei
Moscow Rising in December

Question 15

Military’s role

Answer 15

Series of sporadic, uncoordinated revolts
Potemkin mutiny failed
Generally loyal

Question 16

Nobility’s role

Answer 16

Tried to persuade Nicholas to make minor concessions
Nothing major as they wanted to protect their power and status

Question 17

National minorities’ role

Answer 17

Widespread campaigning
Unrest
(Wanted autonomy or independence due to Russification)

Question 18

Impact of revolution

Answer 18

Major political concessions
Duma
Peasants lost redemption payments

but

Power still lay with autocracy
Wave of fierce repression (Stolypin’s necktie) as some unrest continued

Question 19

Who did much of the organising of the general strike in St Petersburg?

Answer 19

The St Petersburg Soviet