Dermatology

Question 1

How do vitamin D topical analogs (calcipotrene, calcitriol, tacalcitol) treat psoriasis?

Answer 1

These meds bind to vitamin D (a nuclear transcription factor) and this causes inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation and stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Question 2

During wound healing, excessive _______ activity and _________ accumulation in the wound results in contracture

Answer 2

metalloproteinase, myofibroblast

Question 3

______________ is the rupturing of a previously closed wound, and can result from insufficient granulation and scar tissue, inadequate wound contraction, or excessive mechanical stress

Answer 3

Wound dehisence

Question 4

Ucleration of a wound results from inadequate _________ during healing

Answer 4

vascularization

Question 5

________ are hypertrophic scars in which excessive collagenous scar tissue deposited by fibroblasts permanently extends beyond the margins of the original wound

Answer 5

keloid

Question 6

A ______ can produce a tender bluish lesion under the nail bed. This type of tumor originates from the modified smooth muscle cells that control what function

Answer 6

benign glomus tumor (glomangioma), thermoregulation

Question 7

Photoaging is typically from UV__ rays which leads to decreased _________

Answer 7

UVA, collagen fibril production

Question 8

What is a major complication of psoriasis?

Answer 8

deforming joint disease=psoriatic arthritis (yellow-brown nail changes, inflammatory eye disorders)

Question 9

Melanomas lead to ________ metastases. What type of the tissue are the cells derived from?

Answer 9

Cerebral, neural crest

Question 10

Local cutaneous effects of chronic corticosteroid administration include _____ of the dermis

Answer 10

atrophy/ thinning

Question 11

vitiligo is characterized by ___________

Answer 11

absence of melanocytes in the skin

Question 12

Albinism is characterized by ___________

Answer 12

melanocytes that don’t produce melanin because of absent or defective tyrosinase

Question 13

Cafe au last spots have ________ aggregates within melanocyte cytoplasm

Answer 13

melanosome

Question 14

Inflammatory acne is from _____ glands which are what type of exocrine gland

Answer 14

sebaceous, holocrine

Question 15

what glands are apocrine?

Answer 15

breast

Question 16

What glands are merocrine?

Answer 16

sweat and salivary

Question 17

_______ hemangioma are in kids and _______ hemangioma are in adults

Answer 17

strawberry, cherry

Question 18

________ typically arises from drug or pathogen exposure and presents with non-blanchbale palpable purpura with a predominance of neutrophil infiltration

Answer 18

leukocytoclastic vasculitis

Question 19

What is Nikolsy’s sign and what does it make you think? What demographic is it most common in? What mediates the damage

Answer 19

skin slipping of faith gentle pressure, stay scalded skin syndrome (diffuse erythema), kids and infants, exotoxin mediated skin damage

Question 20

acantholysis involving supra basal blisters is characteristic of? The immune target is desmoglein 3. There are IgG containing deposits in a reticular pattern around keratinocytes

Answer 20

pemphigus vulgaris

Question 21

Actinic keratosis inc your risk of what cancer?

Answer 21

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 22

acute allergic contact dermatitis is associated with type _____ HSN reaction and is characterized by ________ from accumulation of edema in intercellular spaces of epidermis

Answer 22

4, spongiosis

Question 23

axillary lymph node dissection is a risk factor for developing ___________ in the ipsilateral arm which can lead to __________ (bad prognosis)

Answer 23

chronic lymphedema, angiosarcoma

Question 24

hives is the same as urticaria which is the same as ___________

Answer 24

dermal edema (inc permeability of the microvasculature)

Question 25

McCune Albright syndrome is characterized by the triad of _________, _________, ________ and is a gain of function mutation that causes over activation of _____ pathway

Answer 25

fibrous dysplasia of bone, precocious puberty (endocrine abnormalities: thyrotoxicosis), cafe au lait spots
-Gs pathway

Question 26

what is a cystic hygroma and what situation does it typically present

Answer 26

soft doughy masses that transilliuminate and are commonly seen with aneuploidies (trisomy 13,18,21)

Question 27

Nevus cells are derived from ______ and these are distributed in what skin later

Answer 27

melanocytes, stratum basalis

Question 28

nail pitting and scalp involvement can be evidence of __________ arthritis

Answer 28

psoriatic