Dermatology Flashcards
How do vitamin D topical analogs (calcipotrene, calcitriol, tacalcitol) treat psoriasis?
These meds bind to vitamin D (a nuclear transcription factor) and this causes inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation and stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation
During wound healing, excessive _______ activity and _________ accumulation in the wound results in contracture
metalloproteinase, myofibroblast
______________ is the rupturing of a previously closed wound, and can result from insufficient granulation and scar tissue, inadequate wound contraction, or excessive mechanical stress
Wound dehisence
Ucleration of a wound results from inadequate _________ during healing
vascularization
________ are hypertrophic scars in which excessive collagenous scar tissue deposited by fibroblasts permanently extends beyond the margins of the original wound
keloid
A ______ can produce a tender bluish lesion under the nail bed. This type of tumor originates from the modified smooth muscle cells that control what function
benign glomus tumor (glomangioma), thermoregulation
Photoaging is typically from UV__ rays which leads to decreased _________
UVA, collagen fibril production
What is a major complication of psoriasis?
deforming joint disease=psoriatic arthritis (yellow-brown nail changes, inflammatory eye disorders)
Melanomas lead to ________ metastases. What type of the tissue are the cells derived from?
Cerebral, neural crest
Local cutaneous effects of chronic corticosteroid administration include _____ of the dermis
atrophy/ thinning
vitiligo is characterized by ___________
absence of melanocytes in the skin
Albinism is characterized by ___________
melanocytes that don’t produce melanin because of absent or defective tyrosinase
Cafe au last spots have ________ aggregates within melanocyte cytoplasm
melanosome
Inflammatory acne is from _____ glands which are what type of exocrine gland
sebaceous, holocrine
what glands are apocrine?
breast
What glands are merocrine?
sweat and salivary
_______ hemangioma are in kids and _______ hemangioma are in adults
strawberry, cherry
________ typically arises from drug or pathogen exposure and presents with non-blanchbale palpable purpura with a predominance of neutrophil infiltration
leukocytoclastic vasculitis
What is Nikolsy’s sign and what does it make you think? What demographic is it most common in? What mediates the damage
skin slipping of faith gentle pressure, stay scalded skin syndrome (diffuse erythema), kids and infants, exotoxin mediated skin damage
acantholysis involving supra basal blisters is characteristic of? The immune target is desmoglein 3. There are IgG containing deposits in a reticular pattern around keratinocytes
pemphigus vulgaris
Actinic keratosis inc your risk of what cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
acute allergic contact dermatitis is associated with type _____ HSN reaction and is characterized by ________ from accumulation of edema in intercellular spaces of epidermis
4, spongiosis
axillary lymph node dissection is a risk factor for developing ___________ in the ipsilateral arm which can lead to __________ (bad prognosis)
chronic lymphedema, angiosarcoma
hives is the same as urticaria which is the same as ___________
dermal edema (inc permeability of the microvasculature)
McCune Albright syndrome is characterized by the triad of _________, _________, ________ and is a gain of function mutation that causes over activation of _____ pathway
fibrous dysplasia of bone, precocious puberty (endocrine abnormalities: thyrotoxicosis), cafe au lait spots
-Gs pathway
what is a cystic hygroma and what situation does it typically present
soft doughy masses that transilliuminate and are commonly seen with aneuploidies (trisomy 13,18,21)
Nevus cells are derived from ______ and these are distributed in what skin later
melanocytes, stratum basalis
nail pitting and scalp involvement can be evidence of __________ arthritis
psoriatic
