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Uworld > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The internal jugular vein is ______ to the carotid artery and _______ to the vagus nerve and all three are housed in the ________

A

lateral, anterios, cartoid sheath

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2
Q

The vertebral arteries are the first branches off the ________ artery

A

subclavian

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3
Q

The ________ nerve keeps the diaphragm alive and if non-functional, may see paralyzed side on inspiratory x ray

A

phrenic

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4
Q

In TOF, the more severe the _______, the more severe the diagnosis

A

pulmonic stenosis, b/c inc right to left shunting

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5
Q

coronary dominance is determined by which artery supplies the _________ descending artery. 70% of people are right dominant so the __________ artery supplies it and 30% are left dominant and the ________ artery supplies it. This artery also supplies the ______ node

A

posterior descending, right coronary, left circumflex, AV node

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6
Q

how can someone get horsiness from mitral valve stenosis

A

the left atrium can compress the recurrent laryngeal nerve

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7
Q

the femoral head is at inc risk for osteonecrosis and is supplied by the _________ artery

A

medial circumflex

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8
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve lies close to the ____________ artery and can be damaged in thyroid surgery

A

inferior thyroid

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9
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve branches off the ________ and supplies innervation to the _________

A

vagus, cricothyroid muscle

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10
Q

In the leg, what nerve innervates the anterior compartment

A

deep peroneal

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11
Q

in the leg, what nerve innervates the lateral component

A

superficial peroenal

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12
Q

in the leg, what nerve innervates the posterior compartment

A

tibial nerve

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13
Q

anterior nosebleeds are typically from the vascular watershed area of the _____________

A

nasal septum (Kisselbach’s plexus)

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14
Q

branches of the _________ artery are responsible for posterior nosebleeds which are typically more severe

A

sphenopalatine

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15
Q

blunt trauma can cause orbital floor fractures which commonly involve the ________ sinus

A

maxillary

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16
Q

prolonged exposure to loud noises can cause loss of stereo ciliated cells in the ___________

A

organ of corti

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17
Q

hearing loss from the auditory nerve is typically due to a ____________

A

vestibular schwannoma

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18
Q

defects in the middle ear ossicles lead to ___________

A

hearing loss that affects air conduction

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19
Q

The __________ nerve mediates the afferent limb of the cough reflex above the vocal cords. Foreign bodies can become lodged in the _________ and cause damage impairing the _________ reflex

A

internal laryngeal, piriform recess, cough

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20
Q

The afferent limb of the gag reflex is mediated by CN ___and the efferent limb is CN ____

A

9, 10

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21
Q

The prostatic plexus lies within the ______ of the prostate and innervates the _________ which facilitates penile erection. Prostatectomy can cause ___________

A

fascia, corpus cavernosa, erectile dysfunction

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22
Q

The cremasteric reflex is from the _________ nerve

A

gentiofemoral (L1-L2)

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23
Q

Branches of the ________ nerve innervate the external urethral and anal sphincters. Injury can lead to

A

pudendal nerve, fecal incontinence, decreased penile sensation, external urethral sphincter paralysis

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24
Q

detrusor muscle overactivity leads to ___________

A

urge incontinence

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25
Q

The _______ nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the posterior external auditory canal via its small auricular branch

A

vagus

-can get vasovagal syncope from too much manipulation

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26
Q

inter scalene block of brachial plexus numbs the _________

A

diaphragm from C3-C5:phrenic nerve

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27
Q

The _________ artery supplies blood to the ventral 2/3rds of the spinal cord

A

anterior spinal artery

-so damage leads to pain and temp loss and motor loss

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28
Q

hypoperfusion of _______ artery would lead to loss of dorsal column function

A

posterior spinal arteries

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29
Q

Brown Sequard syndrome

A

ipsilateral dorsal column and motor and contralateral pain and temp 1 above and below the lesion

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30
Q

temporal lobe lesion leads to a ________ loop

A

contralateral Meyer’s loop affected “pie in the sky”

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31
Q

parietal lobe lesion leads to _________ loop

A

Baum’s loop “pie on the floor”

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32
Q

the subthalmic nucleus ______ the globus pallidus interna—-> ______ thalamus

A

excites, inhibits

-with hemiballismus, you have dec activity of subthalmic nucleus

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33
Q

Damage to the ________ is also known as Gerstmann syndrome and what do you see

A

left angular gyrus

  • agraphia: inability to write
  • acalcula: inability to do math
  • finger agnosia: inability to identify fingers
  • left right disorientation
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34
Q

Damage to the _________ cortex leads to global aphasia

A

left perisylvan

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35
Q

nerve pharyngeal arch 3

A

glossopharyngeal

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36
Q

nerve pharyngeal arch 4

A

vagus

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37
Q

nerve pharyngeal arch 6

A

recurrent laryngeal : hoarseness

-innervates intrinsic muscles of the larynx

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38
Q

uvular deviation is mediated by what nerve?

A

LMN contralateral vagus nerve

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39
Q

tongue deviation is mediated by what nerve?

A

UMN ipsilateral hypoglossus nerve

40
Q

______ nerve root supplies musculocutaneous, radial, and median nerves distally

A

C7

41
Q

The ______ retina is responsible for lateral vision

A

nasal

42
Q

The _______ retina is responsible for nasal vision

A

temporal

43
Q

The midbrain has CN?

A

CN 3,4 so mediating pupil findings

44
Q

the thoracodorsal nerve innervates what muscle

A

latissimus dorsi

-shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation

45
Q

_________ nerve damages the serrates anterior and leads to winging of the scapula

A

long thoracic

-commonly injured during lymph node dissection

46
Q

common perineal injury presents as _________

A

foot drop and stoppage gait because can’t evert or dorsiflex the foot when damaged

47
Q

berry aneurysm leads to an __________ down and out lesion

A

ipsilateral

-commonly at posterior communicating artery

48
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome is typically from compression of the ________ triangle and can present as numbness tingling, weakness of shoulder, hand, finger

A

scalene

49
Q

wasting of the thenar eminence involves the ______ nerve and also innervates the _____ beds

A

median, nail

50
Q

the _______ nerve innervates most of the _______ aspect of the hand

A

radial, dorsal

51
Q

The right ovarian and testicular vein drain directly into the ______

A

IVC

sim for right adrenal veins

52
Q

The left ovarian and testicular vein drain into what

A

left renal vein—> IVC

sim for left adrenal veins

53
Q

______ bone is the wrist bone most commonly injured and its in the anatomical snuff box

A

scaphoid

54
Q

inability to extend affect digit is a problem with

A

palmar aponeurosis (dupuytren fracture)

55
Q

tissue of crutches typically leads to damage of ______ nerve and will see

A

radial, loss of innervation to dorsal thumb and lateral dorsum of the hand

56
Q

compression of ______ nerve in cubital fossa will lead to tingling

A

median

57
Q

shoulder dystocia during birth affects C____

A

C5-6 which affects axillary (C5-C6), musculocutaneous (C5-C7), radial(C5-T1), median(C5-T1)

58
Q

which muscle supinates

A

biceps (musculocutaneous)

59
Q

the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of ________

A

teres major

60
Q

inferior thyroid artery is a branch of ________

A

thyrocervical trunk

61
Q

the external ear is from the first pharyngeal ______

A

cleft (external ear), middle ear is from 1st pharyngeal pouch

62
Q

the right middle lobe is between what ribs

A

4-6th

63
Q

in the alveoli Hgb is in the _____ form and in the tissues Hgb is in the _____ form

A

relaxed, taut (low affinity for O2)

64
Q

the bladder is anterior to the ________ and posterior to the internal urethral orifice is the ________

A

uterus, vaginal wall

65
Q

ballooning of abdominal artery tends to happen between hat two arteries

A

renal and inferior mesenteric

66
Q

The _____ part of the duodenum is adjacent to the pancreas

A

2nd

67
Q

interstitial cells of ______ are the pacemaker cells of the small intestine

A

Cajal

68
Q

The ______ layer of Meissner and Auerbach’s plexus is affected in hirschprung’s disease

A

submucosa because other layers may appear normal if only a small amount is involved

69
Q

The _________ artery connects the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

A

marginal

70
Q

areas distal to the dentate line drain in the ________ lymph nodes

A

superficial inguinal

71
Q

above the dentate line drains into what lymph nodes

A

inferior mesenteric to internal iliac

72
Q

The dural sinuses drain blood from the brain into the _________ vein

A

internal jugular

73
Q

In a DISTAL clavicle fracture, the _______ draws the distal fragment inferolaterally, while the _________ and _________ draw a proximal fragment superiomedially

A

deltoid, trapezius and sternoclediomastoid

74
Q

The _________ peroneal nerve tends to be injured by fighting fitting high boots (damage to fibular head) with sensory loss over ____ leg and ______ foot

A

common

-have a foot drop (inability to walk on heels), lateral leg, dorsolateral foot

75
Q

The _______ peroneal nerve controls foot eversion

A

superficial

76
Q

psoas muscle is from the ______ vertebrae and extends into what area

A

T12-L4, groin

77
Q

iliopsoas test causes _______ muscle inflammation

A

psoas (flex hip against resistance)

78
Q

the esophagus passes through the diaphragm and contains what

A

vagal trunks

79
Q

aortic hiatus at diaphragm contains _____, ______, _______

A

aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein

80
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve splits into what two branches and what do they innervate?

A

the external branch travels with the superior thyroid artery and innervates the cricothyroid, the internal provides sensory info above vocal cords

81
Q

recurrent laryngeals provide innervation to all of larynx except the ______. What artery does this nerve travel with

A

cricothyroid, inferior thyroid artery

82
Q

what are they ONLY true muscles that open the vocal cords facilitating both inspiration and expiration

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

83
Q

The trachea ends at what spinal level

A

T4-5 and then splits at carina

84
Q

For thorancentesis it should be _______ a rib so you don’t damage the neuromuscular bundle. What are the 3 positions?

A

above

  • 6-8th rib midclavicular line
  • 8-10th mid axillary line
  • 10-12th rib posteriorly
85
Q

What is most at risk when placing a tracheostomy tube between the 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilages

A

thyroid gland

86
Q

Radial nerve innervates the BEST

A

Brachioradialis
Extensors of the wrist
Supinator
Triceps

87
Q

nursemaids elbow damages the _______ ligament

A

annular

-arm is extended and forearm pronated

88
Q

damage to radial nerve at axilla–>____ drop and ______ triceps reflex

A

wrist, absent triceps and sensory loss over posterior arm, forearm, and dorsolateral hand

89
Q

damage to radial nerve at midshaft humerus —>

A

weakness of hand/finger extensors with sparing of triceps and sensory loss over hand (wrist and finger drop)

90
Q

damage to radial nerve in supinator canal—>

A

finger drop (esp if using screwdrivers a lot)

91
Q

supracondylar fractures of humerus are more likely to involve _______ nerve

A

median

92
Q

dislocation of lunate wrist bone may cause

A

acute carpal tunnel syndrome (damage median nerve)

93
Q

thoracic duct empties at junction of which two veins

A

left jugular and subclavian

94
Q

____ damaged from valgus stress

A

MCL

95
Q

_____ damaged from varus stress

A

LCL

96
Q

ureter is _______ to internal iliac

A

anterior

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