Reproductive

Question 1

What cells secrete Anti-Müllerian hormone? And what does this mean if they are not present

Answer 1

Sertoli cells secrete AMH- so when not present=ambiguous male and female INTERNAL GENITALIA. Also secrete androgen binding protein to INC testosterone production during Spermatogenesis

Question 2

Tuner syndrome results from what genetic process

Answer 2

Meotic nondisjunction, the loss of one X chromosome results in a missing X chromosome in all of patients cells, have a missing SHOX gene-which promotes long bone growth

Question 3

What organ do alpha blockers and 5 alpha reductase inhibitors act on in BPH?

Answer 3

THE PROSTATE! 5 alpha reductase inhibitors prevent action of androgens on the gland so it doesn’t get bigger, alpha blockers relax the smooth muscle in the bladder neck and Prostate gland

Question 4

What is septic abortion and what is a common cause?

Answer 4

Abortion with retained products of conception, commonly from Staph aureus, E. Coli, Group B strep

Fever, abd pain, uterine tenderness, foul smelling discharge

Question 5

Para-aortic lymph nodes receive drainage from _________

Answer 5

Testis and ovaries

Question 6

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive drainage from ______

Answer 6

Scrotum

Question 7

Deep inguinal receive draining from ______

Answer 7

Glans Penis and superficial nodes

Question 8

How does neonatal abstinence syndrome present and how do you treat it

Answer 8

Baby with hypertonia, jittery, diarrhea, sweating, etc. and Give METHADONE for opioid withdrawal (Mom may have hepatitis C, poor mental health, no prenatal care)

Question 9

Testicular torsion is from twisting of _______ and contains which artery that stems from which artery

Answer 9

Spermatic cord, gonadal artery, abdominal aorta

Question 10

Patients with irregular periods are at risk of with pregnancy dating

Answer 10

Inaccuracies, important to do US to find gestational age

Question 11

Increased AFP levels associated with

Answer 11

Neural tube defects, ventral wall defects, multiple gestation

Question 12

Decreased AFP is associated with

Answer 12

Aneuploides ( trisomy 21, 18)

Question 13

How does prostate cancer spread to bone

Answer 13

Through vertebral venous plexus which includes prostatic venous plexus ( receives blood from prostate, penis, bladder )

Question 14

PCOS is a risk factor for which diseases

Answer 14

• T2 DM

- Endometrial carcinoma (from dec progesterone)

Question 15

What is the only part of the female reproductive tract with simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 15

ovary

Question 16

What parts of the female reproductive tract are simple columnar?

Answer 16

fallopian tube, uterus, endocervix

Question 17

What parts of the female reproductive tract are stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 17

ectocervix, vagina

Question 18

_______ is characterized by hemosiderin deposits and endometrial glands or stroma outside of the uterus

Answer 18

endometriosis

Question 19

stress urinary incontinence occurs from _____ abdominal pressure and can be avoided by doing kegel’s that strengthen the ____ ___ muscles

Answer 19

increased, levator ani

Question 20

vasectomy involves transection of the

Answer 20

vas deferens, patients can still have viable sperm in in ejaculate for up to 3 months after procedure because the procedure has no effect on sperm distal to the ligation

Question 21

45 year old woman with lower abdominal fullness and ovarian masses with solid and cystic masses

Answer 21

Krukenberg tumor, gastric cancer that has metastasized tot he ovary (see signet ring cells)

Question 22

Gestational choriocarcinoma can occur after a normal pregnancy and what cells is it composed of? Sx are hemoptysis and vaginal bleeding after delivery

Answer 22

cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts without villi

Question 23

granulosa cell tumors of the ovary secrete _____ and have call exner bodies which are?

Answer 23

estrogen, cuboidal granulosa cells in a rosette pattern around a pink eosinophilic center with coffee bean nuclei

Question 24

_______ is a significant cause of erectile dysfunction

Answer 24

psychogenic stressors (anxiety, marital problems)

Question 25

flutamide is a competitive inhibitor ______ receptors

Answer 25

testosterone, leads to reduction in tumor size

Question 26

In a hydrocele, fluid builds up in the ________

Answer 26

tunica vaginalis

Question 27

failure of obliteration of the process vaginalis leads to ________

Answer 27

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 28

pelvic organs are supplied by the ______ arteries and these arteries are often sutured in postpartum hemorrhage

Answer 28

internal illiac

Question 29

____________ is a rare and catastrophic pregnancy complication that arises from amniotic fluid entering maternal circulation

Answer 29

amniotic fluid emobolism

Question 30

The cremaster muscle is an extension of what muscle

Answer 30

internal oblique

Question 31

dermatomes T4

Answer 31

nipple

Question 32

dermatome T7

Answer 32

xiphoid process

Question 33

dermatome T10

Answer 33

belly butTEN

Question 34

dermatome L1

Answer 34

L1: Inguinal Ligament

Question 35

In someone with HIV, ______ is the strongest risk factor for having high grade cervical dysplasia

Answer 35

immunosuppression, most immunocompetent people fight of HPV (the strongest predictor of developing cervical cancer)

Question 36

Accessory nipple are from _____ of involution of the mammary ridge and can occur anywhere along the nipple line. Can present as:

Answer 36

failure, hyper pigmented

Question 37

tamoxifen is metabolized by _____ system

Answer 37

CYP450

Question 38

______ can dec gynecomastia in men being treated with a gnRH agonist

Answer 38

tamoxifen (estrogen antagonist)

Question 39

Consider steroid use in a man complaining of acne late in life and what is an example of one?

Answer 39

methyl testosterone

Question 40

nutcracker syndrome is from left renal vein being compressed by

Answer 40

superior mesenteric artery

Question 41

In ________ females have not mensturated and have a shortened vagina but develop secondary sex characteristics

Answer 41

mullerian agenesis

Question 42

What are three protective factors for ovarian cancer

Answer 42

oral contraceptives, multiparty, breastfeeding

Question 43

Androgens are converted to estrogens in ______ cells in females. What hormone mediates this?

Answer 43

granulosa , FSH | -granulosa cells have aromatase

Question 44

LH stimulates the ______ cells to produce androgens

Answer 44

theca interna

Question 45

Recurrent UTIs and recurrent pregnancy loss suggest defect with what anatomic structure in females

Answer 45

paramesonephric duct--> bicornate or heart shaped uterus

Question 46

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea can lead to __________ from dec _____ secretion

Answer 46

fragility fractures, GnRH (dec FSH, dec LH--> dec estrogen prod)

Question 47

Transformation zone is zone of metaplasia and is what two types of cells

Answer 47

squamocolumnar junction

Question 48

The developing embryo is most susceptible to teratogens from weeks _______

Answer 48

3-8

Question 49

What comes together to form the roof of the mouth

Answer 49

right and left maxillary processes

Question 50

cleft lip is from failure of

Answer 50

failed fusion between medial nasal eminence and maxillary process

Question 51

synthetic androgen that acts as a partial agonist at androgen receptors

Answer 51

danazol | -tx endometriosis, hereditary angioedema

Question 52

inhibit peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens (______ inhibitors)

Answer 52

aromatase inhibitors: anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane

Question 53

What is flutamide used for and what does it do

Answer 53

prostate carcinoma, non steroidal competitive inhibitor at androgen receptors

Question 54

What does minoxidil treat and whats its MOA?

Answer 54

male pattern baldness, direct arteriolar vasodilator

Question 55

In men, the _______ is prone to injury with pelvic fractures and it causes urine to leak into the retropubic space and see hematuria, blood at urethral meatus

Answer 55

posterior urethra | -and swelling of abdominal wall)

Question 56

In men, the ________ is prone to injury from penetrating or blunt trauma. Blood may not be present. Extravasciaton into deep Buck's fascia

Answer 56

anterior urethra

Question 57

in females, the urethral folds develop into the _______

Answer 57

labia minora

Question 58

the genital tubercle develops into the _______ in females and the ________ in males

Answer 58

females: glans clitoris, men: glans penis

Question 59

Dimpling in breast cancer signals involvement of the _________ ligament

Answer 59

suspensory

Question 60

vertigo is typically from a problem with what?

Answer 60

inner ear