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Uworld > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What cells secrete Anti-Müllerian hormone? And what does this mean if they are not present

A

Sertoli cells secrete AMH- so when not present=ambiguous male and female INTERNAL GENITALIA. Also secrete androgen binding protein to INC testosterone production during Spermatogenesis

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2
Q

Tuner syndrome results from what genetic process

A

Meotic nondisjunction, the loss of one X chromosome results in a missing X chromosome in all of patients cells, have a missing SHOX gene-which promotes long bone growth

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3
Q

What organ do alpha blockers and 5 alpha reductase inhibitors act on in BPH?

A

THE PROSTATE! 5 alpha reductase inhibitors prevent action of androgens on the gland so it doesn’t get bigger, alpha blockers relax the smooth muscle in the bladder neck and Prostate gland

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4
Q

What is septic abortion and what is a common cause?

A

Abortion with retained products of conception, commonly from Staph aureus, E. Coli, Group B strep

Fever, abd pain, uterine tenderness, foul smelling discharge

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5
Q

Para-aortic lymph nodes receive drainage from _________

A

Testis and ovaries

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6
Q

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive drainage from ______

A

Scrotum

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7
Q

Deep inguinal receive draining from ______

A

Glans Penis and superficial nodes

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8
Q

How does neonatal abstinence syndrome present and how do you treat it

A

Baby with hypertonia, jittery, diarrhea, sweating, etc. and Give METHADONE for opioid withdrawal (Mom may have hepatitis C, poor mental health, no prenatal care)

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9
Q

Testicular torsion is from twisting of _______ and contains which artery that stems from which artery

A

Spermatic cord, gonadal artery, abdominal aorta

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10
Q

Patients with irregular periods are at risk of with pregnancy dating

A

Inaccuracies, important to do US to find gestational age

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11
Q

Increased AFP levels associated with

A

Neural tube defects, ventral wall defects, multiple gestation

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12
Q

Decreased AFP is associated with

A

Aneuploides ( trisomy 21, 18)

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13
Q

How does prostate cancer spread to bone

A

Through vertebral venous plexus which includes prostatic venous plexus ( receives blood from prostate, penis, bladder )

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14
Q

PCOS is a risk factor for which diseases

A
  • T2 DM

- Endometrial carcinoma (from dec progesterone)

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15
Q

What is the only part of the female reproductive tract with simple cuboidal epithelium

A

ovary

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16
Q

What parts of the female reproductive tract are simple columnar?

A

fallopian tube, uterus, endocervix

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17
Q

What parts of the female reproductive tract are stratified squamous epithelium

A

ectocervix, vagina

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18
Q

_______ is characterized by hemosiderin deposits and endometrial glands or stroma outside of the uterus

A

endometriosis

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19
Q

stress urinary incontinence occurs from _____ abdominal pressure and can be avoided by doing kegel’s that strengthen the ____ ___ muscles

A

increased, levator ani

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20
Q

vasectomy involves transection of the

A

vas deferens, patients can still have viable sperm in in ejaculate for up to 3 months after procedure because the procedure has no effect on sperm distal to the ligation

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21
Q

45 year old woman with lower abdominal fullness and ovarian masses with solid and cystic masses

A

Krukenberg tumor, gastric cancer that has metastasized tot he ovary (see signet ring cells)

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22
Q

Gestational choriocarcinoma can occur after a normal pregnancy and what cells is it composed of? Sx are hemoptysis and vaginal bleeding after delivery

A

cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts without villi

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23
Q

granulosa cell tumors of the ovary secrete _____ and have call exner bodies which are?

A

estrogen, cuboidal granulosa cells in a rosette pattern around a pink eosinophilic center with coffee bean nuclei

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24
Q

_______ is a significant cause of erectile dysfunction

A

psychogenic stressors (anxiety, marital problems)

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25
Q

flutamide is a competitive inhibitor ______ receptors

A

testosterone, leads to reduction in tumor size

26
Q

In a hydrocele, fluid builds up in the ________

A

tunica vaginalis

27
Q

failure of obliteration of the process vaginalis leads to ________

A

indirect inguinal hernia

28
Q

pelvic organs are supplied by the ______ arteries and these arteries are often sutured in postpartum hemorrhage

A

internal illiac

29
Q

____________ is a rare and catastrophic pregnancy complication that arises from amniotic fluid entering maternal circulation

A

amniotic fluid emobolism

30
Q

The cremaster muscle is an extension of what muscle

A

internal oblique

31
Q

dermatomes T4

A

nipple

32
Q

dermatome T7

A

xiphoid process

33
Q

dermatome T10

A

belly butTEN

34
Q

dermatome L1

A

L1: Inguinal Ligament

35
Q

In someone with HIV, ______ is the strongest risk factor for having high grade cervical dysplasia

A

immunosuppression, most immunocompetent people fight of HPV (the strongest predictor of developing cervical cancer)

36
Q

Accessory nipple are from _____ of involution of the mammary ridge and can occur anywhere along the nipple line. Can present as:

A

failure, hyper pigmented

37
Q

tamoxifen is metabolized by _____ system

A

CYP450

38
Q

______ can dec gynecomastia in men being treated with a gnRH agonist

A

tamoxifen (estrogen antagonist)

39
Q

Consider steroid use in a man complaining of acne late in life and what is an example of one?

A

methyl testosterone

40
Q

nutcracker syndrome is from left renal vein being compressed by

A

superior mesenteric artery

41
Q

In ________ females have not mensturated and have a shortened vagina but develop secondary sex characteristics

A

mullerian agenesis

42
Q

What are three protective factors for ovarian cancer

A

oral contraceptives, multiparty, breastfeeding

43
Q

Androgens are converted to estrogens in ______ cells in females. What hormone mediates this?

A

granulosa , FSH

-granulosa cells have aromatase

44
Q

LH stimulates the ______ cells to produce androgens

A

theca interna

45
Q

Recurrent UTIs and recurrent pregnancy loss suggest defect with what anatomic structure in females

A

paramesonephric duct–> bicornate or heart shaped uterus

46
Q

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea can lead to __________ from dec _____ secretion

A

fragility fractures, GnRH (dec FSH, dec LH–> dec estrogen prod)

47
Q

Transformation zone is zone of metaplasia and is what two types of cells

A

squamocolumnar junction

48
Q

The developing embryo is most susceptible to teratogens from weeks _______

A

3-8

49
Q

What comes together to form the roof of the mouth

A

right and left maxillary processes

50
Q

cleft lip is from failure of

A

failed fusion between medial nasal eminence and maxillary process

51
Q

synthetic androgen that acts as a partial agonist at androgen receptors

A

danazol

-tx endometriosis, hereditary angioedema

52
Q

inhibit peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens (______ inhibitors)

A

aromatase inhibitors: anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane

53
Q

What is flutamide used for and what does it do

A

prostate carcinoma, non steroidal competitive inhibitor at androgen receptors

54
Q

What does minoxidil treat and whats its MOA?

A

male pattern baldness, direct arteriolar vasodilator

55
Q

In men, the _______ is prone to injury with pelvic fractures and it causes urine to leak into the retropubic space and see hematuria, blood at urethral meatus

A

posterior urethra

-and swelling of abdominal wall)

56
Q

In men, the ________ is prone to injury from penetrating or blunt trauma. Blood may not be present. Extravasciaton into deep Buck’s fascia

A

anterior urethra

57
Q

in females, the urethral folds develop into the _______

A

labia minora

58
Q

the genital tubercle develops into the _______ in females and the ________ in males

A

females: glans clitoris, men: glans penis

59
Q

Dimpling in breast cancer signals involvement of the _________ ligament

A

suspensory

60
Q

vertigo is typically from a problem with what?

A

inner ear

Uworld (26 decks)

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