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AS-Psychology(*) > Depression > Flashcards

Depression Flashcards

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1
Q

what is depression

A

a disorder that includes disabling moods

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2
Q

give 3 behavioural characteristics of depression

A
  1. activity levels
  2. disruption to sleep and eating
  3. aggression and self harm
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3
Q

explain 3 emotional characteristics of depression

A
  1. lowered mood - people with depression often describe themselves as “empty”
  2. anger - they frequentl experience anger, this is directed at the self or others
  3. lowered self esteem - people with depression tend to report reduced self esteem, this can be quite extreme
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4
Q

give 3 cognitive characteristics of depression

A
  1. poor concentration
  2. attending and dwelling on the negative
  3. absolutist thinking
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5
Q

what are the 2 explanations of depression

A
  • becks theory of depression
  • ellis’ ABC model
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6
Q

becks theory of depression

what are the 3 elements of becks theory of depression

A
  • negative self schemas
  • cognitive biases
  • the negative triad
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7
Q

becks theory of depression

explain the negative self schema element

A
  • if a person has a negative self schema then they interpret all information about themselves in a negative way
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8
Q

becks theory of depression

explain the cognitive biases element

give two types

A
  • this is where people attend to the negative aspects of a situation and ignore positives
  • overgeneralisation - sweeping conclusions drawn on the basis of a single event. Eg, a student regarding poor performance on one test as proof of his worthlessness
  • magnification and minimisation - exaggerations in evaluation of performance. Eg, a man believing hes ruined hiscar due to a small scratch (magnification) or a woman believing herself worthless despite many praises (minimisation)
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9
Q

becks theory of depression

explain the negative triad element

A
  • beck concluded that a person develops a dysfunctional view of themselves because of three types of thinking
  • negative thoughts about:
  1. the self
  2. the world
  3. the future
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10
Q

becks theory of depression

what is a strength of becks theory

A

cohen et al

  • concluded assessing cognitive vulnerability allows us to screen young people
  • this helps identify who are at most risk for developing depression for earlier intervention
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11
Q

becks theory of depression

what is a weakness of becks theory

A

ignores biological factors so can be considered a reductonist way of explaining depression

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12
Q

ellis’ ABC model

explain the A element in the ABC model

A

activating event

  • irrational thoughts are triggered by external events
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13
Q

ellis’ ABC model

explain the B element in the ABC model

A

beliefs

  • you hold irrational beliefs about the event
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14
Q

ellis’ ABC model

explain the C element in the ABC model

A

consequences

  • when an activating event triggers irrational beliefs, there are emotional and behavioural consequences
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15
Q

ellis’ ABC model

what is a strength of the ABC model

A

development of therapies such as REBT

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16
Q

ellis’ ABC model

what is a weakness of the ABC model

A

only explains retroactive depression not endogenous depression

17
Q

what are the 2 treatents of depression

A
  1. CBT
  2. REBT
18
Q

explain the process of CBT

A
  • the client and the therapist work together to clarify the clients problems
  • they jointly identify goals and make a plan to acheive them
  • test the reality of the clients negative beliefs
  • the client is set homework,somestimes refered to as the “client as the scientist”
19
Q

explain the study that supports CBT

A

march et al

  • compared CBT to antidepressants and a combination of the two when treating teens
  • 81% CBT group, 81% antidepressant group and 86% of combined group improved
20
Q

explain the study that argues against CBT

A

Ali et al, 2017

  • assessed clients monthly for 12 months after CBT
  • 42% relapsed in 6 months
  • 53% relapsed within 12 months
21
Q

explain stage 1 of REBT

A
  • identify and make sense of irrational beliefs
  • reframe the negative thoughts into more positive and logical thoughts
22
Q

explain stage 2 of REBT

A
  • behavourial activation and pleasant event scheduling are introduced
  • this increases physical activity and participation in rewarding activities for the client
  • this is to improve the clients mood levels
23
Q

explain stage 3 of the REBT

A
  • cognitive factors are adressed when patients have an improvement in mood
  • this involves hypothesis testing of negative thoughts

AS-Psychology(*) (38 decks)

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