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AS-Psychology(*) > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two main functions of the nervous system

A
  1. collect, process and respond to information in the environment
  2. co-ordinate the working of different organs and cells in the body
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2
Q

what does the CNS consist of

A

the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

what is the function of the spinal cord

A

relay information between the brain and the rest of the body

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4
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum

A
  • frontal
  • pariental
  • occipital
  • temporal
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5
Q

what is the role of the peripheral nervous system

A
  • sends information to the CNS from the environment
  • transmits messages from the CNS to muscles and glands
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6
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system subdivided into

A
  • autonomic nervous system
  • somatic nervous system
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7
Q

explain the somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntary muscle movement

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8
Q

explain the autonomic nervous system

A

controls involuntary vital functions such as heart rate

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9
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system subdivided into

A
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • parasympathetic nervous system
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10
Q

explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system

A

involved in reponses that help us deal with emergencies
(fight or flight)

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11
Q

explain the role of the paraysmpathetic nervous system

A

the bodys resting state
(rest and digest)

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12
Q

explain the changes the following organ has in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system:

  • the heart
A
  • sympathetic nervous system = increase in heart rate, increase blood flow to organs
  • parasympathetic = resting heart rate
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13
Q

explain the changes the following organ has in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system:

  • lungs
A
  • sympathetic = increased breathing rate
  • parasympathetic = resting breathing rate
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14
Q

explain the changes the following organ has in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system:

  • pupils
A
  • sympathetic = pupipls dilute
  • parasympathetic = pupils normal
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15
Q

explain the changes the following organ has in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system:

  • digestion
A
  • sympathetic = reduction of non essential functions
  • parasympathetic = digestion as normal
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16
Q

what is the function of the endocrine system

A

release hormomes from glands into the bloodstream which regulate the activity of cells and organs

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17
Q

define glands

A

organ in the body that produces hormones

18
Q

explain what the thyriod gland releases and what this does

A

produces thyroxine which increases metabolic rate

19
Q

explain what the adrenal gland releaes and what this does

A

releases adrenaline which triggers physiological changes in the body needed for fight or flight

20
Q

explain the role of the pituitary gland

A

the master gland because it controls the release of hormones from all other glands

21
Q

explain what the testes produce and what this does

A

produces testosterone which causes the development of male characteristics

22
Q

SAM pathway

explain the bodys response to a stressful situation

A
  • message is sent to the hypothalamus which triggers the sympathetic nervous system
  • the sympathetic nevous system triggers the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline into the bloodstream
  • adrenaline causes a number of pysiological changes in the body to prepare for fight or flight
23
Q

explain what adrenaline is

A

a hormone produced by the adrenal glands which is a part of the human bodys imediate stress response

24
Q

HPA axis

explain the bodys response to proloongues stress

A
  • hypothalamus releases a hormone called CRH
  • CRH causes the pituitary gland to produce and release ACTH
  • ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol
  • this gives a quick burst of energy and lowers sensitivity to pain
25
Q

explain the function of the following structure in a neuron:

the cell body

A

includes a nucleus which contains genetic information

26
Q

explain the function of the following structure in a neuron:

dendrites

A

banch like structures that come out of the nerve cell to connect with other neurons

27
Q

explain the function of the following structure in a neuron:

the axon

A

carry nerve impulses away from the cell body

28
Q

explain the function of the following structure in a neuron:

the myelin sheath

A

insulates and protects the axon from external influences

29
Q

explain the function of the following structure in a neuron:

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in the myelin sheath that force the impulse to “jump” accross the gaps

30
Q

explain the function of the following structure in a neuron:

terminal buttons \ axon terminal

A

send impulses to the next neuron accross the synapse

31
Q

what are the 3 different types of neurones

A
  • sensory
  • relay
  • motor
32
Q

describe the structure of the following neuron:

sensory

A
  • long dendrites
  • short axons
33
Q

describe the structure of the following neuron:

relay

A
  • short dendrites
  • short axons
34
Q

describe the structure of the following neuron:

motor

A
  • short dendrites
  • long axons
35
Q

what is the function of the following neuron:

sensory

A

carry messages from the PNS to the CNS

36
Q

what is the function of the following neuron:

relay

A

connect the sensory neurons to motor or other relay neurones

37
Q

what is the function of the following neuron:

motor

A

relay information from the CNS to effectors

38
Q

what is synaptic transmission

A

the process by which neighbouring neurons communicate with each other

39
Q

what is an action potential

A

an action potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body

40
Q

explain the process of synaptic transmission

A
  • when the electrical impulse reaches the end of the neuron (pre synaptic terminal) vesicles containing neurotransmitters bind with the pre synaptic membrane
  • when they bind they release neurotransmitters from vesicles
  • the neurotransmitters travel accross the synaptic cleft and attach to receptors on the post synaptic membrane
  • the chemical message is then convertd back to an electrical impulse and the message continues
41
Q

what are excitatory neurotransmitters

A

neurotransmitters that increase the likelihood that a neuron will fire

42
Q

what are inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

neurotrasnmitters that decrease the likelihood that a neuron will fire

AS-Psychology(*) (38 decks)

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