Department Final (BIO 181-171) Flashcards
What are the layers of epithelium in the digestive tract?
enterocytes (with microvilli),
- goblet cells,
- entero-endocrine cells,
- M cells
What will a morsel of food pass through the digestive system from small intestine to rectum?
duodenum jejunum ileum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon rectum
Accessory organs in the digestive system
liver
pancreas
Metabolism
sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Areas of GI tract … kind of epithelium that is present where mechanical abrasions are frequent
stratified squamos epithelium
Function of goblet cells
to secrete mucous
Most of nutrient absorption takes place in the
small intestine
Peristalsis
waves of movement
Section of colon that would have the most lipid consistency
ascending colon
Examples of monosaccrides
Fructose
Glucose
Galactose
Hepatic portal vein carries blood from ___ to ____
digestive system; liver
What is the function of the myelin sheath
to increase in the speed at which impulses propagate along the ‘‘myelinated’’ fiber
Mechanisms behind medulla oblongata
cardiovascular
sneezing
vomiting
Specialization of left hemisphere of brain
language
logic
abstract
sensory-motor
What type of information is carried by descending tracts
motor information
Components of reflex arc: receptors to sensory neurons to ___ to ____ to effector
Receptor–>Sensory Neuron–> Interneuron–> Motor neuron–> Effector organ.
What’s controlled by autonomic nervous system
involuntary
What’s controlled by somatic nervous system
skeletal
What are nodes of Ranvier
gap in the myelin sheath of a myelinated nerve fiber
cavities in the brian
ventricles
All functions of the hypothalamus
hormone production body temperature thirst hunger sleep circadian rhythm moods sex drive release of other hormones in the body
What is going to happen if someone has a stroke in the middle region of the temporal cerebral cortex
Damage to the frontal lobe can lead to changes in sexual habits, socialization, and attention as well as increased risk-taking.
What is the responses to sympathetic nervous innervation
pupil dilation
increased blood pressure
cranial nerve for sound and balance
vestibular cochlear nerve
carotid bodies
chemoreceptors
pain receptors
nocioreceptors
eustachian tube connects ___ to ____
pharynx to the middle ear
rods and cones are located in
the retina
order in which light hits eye
cornea–> aqueous humor –> lens –> vitreous body
receptors for hearing are located in the
cochlea
First structure that vibrates in the ear
tympanic membrane
Which organ functions as an endocrine and exocrine gland
pancreas
What hormone determines metabolic rate
thyroid hormone
Which hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland
TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, GH, and PRL
Which hormone causes increased rate of protein synthesis especially by skeletal muscle an tissue
Glucagon
main target of antiduretic hormones
kidney cells
What hormones produced adrenal medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Target cells for Prolactin located at
Mammary Glands, ovaries, testicles
Filtrate in urinary from Bowman’s capsule to PCT
Bowman's capsule Glomerulus PCT loop of henle DCT Collecting Duct
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney
Where urine flows out of nephron into which kidney structure
minor caylx
Dilute urine contains more __ than concentrated urine
water
spermatogenesis order of least to most mature sperm
- Spermatogonia
- Primary spermatocytes
- Secondary spermatocytes
- Spermatids
- Spermatozoa
Where in the male reproductive system is produced
semniferous tubules
Where in the ovary would you find Graafian Follicles
cortex
What triggers ovulation
surge of LH
Fertilization of secondary oocyte occurs where in the female reproductive tract
uterine tubes
Implantation of a blastocyte occurs in which layer?
endometrium
