demography-migration 3 Flashcards
immigration
number of people enter uk
emigration
number of people leave uk
net migration
difference in immigration and emigration over time
internal migration
movement within a country
migration satistics
2011 census 14% of uk pop made up of ethnic minority groups compared to 6% in 1991.- inc migration sincee 1980.
in uk the net migration 330k 2014-15 . the foreign pop born in eng/Wales nearly doubled 1991>2011(since ww2)
migration British nationalities act 1948
made easier for citizens British common wealth to settle in uk=wave mass img.
until 1981 emmoigraiton for uk>aus/america matched immigration into Britain. however mass imig outstripped emmig and net mig rose.
between 2004/7new countries joined eu/free mov and net migration arrived in uk contributed to rising in net migration
net migration impacted structure of uk society
impact of low fertility rates on pop is outweighed by impact of net mig.
migrants dec the average age of the country as tend to be young+wokring age.
fertility rate of foreign born mother higher than mothers born in uk.
net migration impacted structure of uk society
ao3
inc dependency ratio in short term, as children of mig will reach working age and dec the dependcy.
inc in net mig led to inc in multi culturuism in family/households
reasons for inc migration
legislation / border control
some countries reduce border control and encourage high levels immigration.- skills shortage within economy eg aus point based system if need more teachers allocate more points to those with teaching bg.
resons for inc emigration
up until 1980’s more emigrated to live elsewhere than come to settle in uk. usa/canada/aus/South Africa new z- reason in relation to economics eg American dream
push factors
war/poverty/lack job opp/opressive gov
pull factors (eneter a country)
generous welfare state/ed system/standards of lviing/job opp/weather
impact of migration
-lowers age of average pop
directly +indirectly
directly:immigratns genrally young adults
indirectly:more lkley to have children
net migration is high- 47% of non eu citizens, 38% eu citizens, 14% returning British citizens
slight inc in uk brithrate+ 35% non eu mothers
migration and polotoics
-politions take two approaches
ASSIMILATION + multiculturalism
idea immigrants should ‘become like’ national citizens and adopt norms/values and ways of life
migration and polotoics
-politions take two approaches
assimilation problems
immigrants may feel inheritly wrong and unliked- may want to retain all or part of their cultural identity
migration and polotoics
-politions take two approaches
assimilation problems CASTLES 2000
assimilation polciies are counter productive as marks minority groups and ‘backwards’= minorities responding emphasising the difference increasing host suspicion of them. ‘enemy within’ breeding further marginilation as have been move again multi cultism since 2001.
migration and polotoics
-politions take two approaches
assimilation problems - divided working class
these ideas encourage workers to blame migrants for social problems eg unemplyment= racist scapegoating benefiting cpaitlsm and radically divide wc prevent united action
migration and polotoics
-politions take two approaches
assimilation+MULTICULTURISM
(erisken)
idea immigrant should retain separate cultural diversity by allowing shallow cultural diversity, not deep diversity
shallow diversity
aspects of culture than can co exist with native culture eg music and food
deep diversity
aspects of culture when the native culture views as offensive
eriksen-globalisation
globalisation created more diverse migration patterns -much more common for people to move in/out country rather than settling permatly =migrants less likely to see themselves as belonging to single country.
describes Chinese migrants in Rome found mandarin more useful in everyday life than Italian (important global connections with Chinese in other countries
