changing family patterns-childbearing 4

Question 1

what is childbearing?

Answer 1

to have children, carry/grow/birth, influenced by social/economc/personal factors

Question 2

satistics

Answer 2

ONS2020-613,936 live births in eng/Wales, which is lowest recorded number since 2002-drop 4.1%
-total fertility rate reached record low 2020 1.58 children per women and though covid effected this, their is a dec in childbearing in uk/many western countries.

Question 3

decline in childbearing: reason 1- changing women’s position

Answer 3

changes in gender roles, women want to focus more on their career first , so delaying childbearing. 1971-2012 rose 4y average
large families with numerious children are no longer the norm. to balance career + family, couples decide to havee fewer children or none. prediction says 1/4 of women born in 1973 with be childless at 45.

Question 4

reason 2: secularisation

Answer 4

decline influence of tradioanl reliogus organisations means religious mortality may not be prirtisd by individuals.
decline in stigma around sex changed its perception, procreation is no longer the purpose of sex

Question 5

reason 2: secularisation
giddens

Answer 5

used phrace- plastic sexuality- meaning pursuit of sex for pleasure and not for conveiving children

Question 6

reason 3: contraception

Answer 6

effective contraception is avail be to most people in the west, so fewer unwanted pregnancies.
access to legal abortion allows women more control over childbearing.
seclursation dec influence of religion in peoples lifes so contraception/abordtion less stigmatised

Question 7

reason 3: contraception
Delphy

Answer 7

that patriachle society opposes abortion because if women had control over their fertility, they could choose to not be pregnant. they would escape unpaid labour of childcare which men use to exploit them

Question 8

reason 4; COST

Answer 8

in uncertain employment situations with growing cot of living/hpousing, people might decide to have fewer children/delay

Question 9

reason 4; COST
beck

Answer 9

that post modern society is inc child centred which means people tend to spend more on 1 child. people tend to support children for longe than earlier, to afford that they have to have fewer children.