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Question 1

Explain why it is harder to swallow fluids than solids

Answer 1

Fluids need to be carefully guided into the oesophagus to avoid aspirating material into the airways

Question 2

What are two causes of odynophagia?

Answer 2

Oesophageal candidiasis or oesophagitis

Question 3

• The external lining of the primitive gut tube is covered with splanchnic mesoderm. What will this develop into?

Answer 3

o Smooth muscle of the viscera and blood vessels.o Visceral peritoneum

Question 4

• What is the Vitilline tract?

Answer 4

This is a narrow tube that joins the yolk sac and the mid-gut which generally obliterates during the 7th week of fertilization.

Question 5

o What is the result of this structure persisting throughout development?

Answer 5

o What is the result of this structure persisting throughout development?

Question 6

• What are mesenteries?

Answer 6

These are double layers of peritoneum which suspend the gut tube from the abdominal wall

Question 7

• What congenital problems arise from abnormal development of the septum that divides these structures (which will become the oesophagus and the trachea)?

Answer 7

Tracheo-oesophageal fistula