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anp 300 course 2 > deck_16456568 > Flashcards

deck_16456568 Flashcards

1
Q

Is innate immune system present at birth

A

Yes

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2
Q

Does innate imune system distinguish one threat type from another?

A

No it is non-specific

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3
Q

Physical barriers and chemical barriers

Components of innate immunity

A

skin and mucous membranes

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4
Q

phagocytes

Components of innate immunity

A

cells that engulf pathogens

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5
Q

immune surveilance

Components of innate immunity

A

destruction of abnormal cells by NK cells

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6
Q

Interferons

Components of innate immunity

A

Chemicals against viral infections

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7
Q

Complement

Components of innate immunity

A

Circulating proteins that assist antibodies

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8
Q

Inflammation

Components of innate immunity

A

Localized tissue-level response to limit spread of infection

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9
Q

Fever

Components of innate immunity

A

elevation of body temperature

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10
Q

First line of defence

innate immunity

A

External physical and chemical barriers

stop from entering body

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11
Q

Second line of defence

innate immunity

A

Internal defences, nk cells, interferons, etc…

used if things get in body

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12
Q

Integumentary system

1st line of defence

A
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • secretions
  • hair
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13
Q

Mucous membranes

1st line of defence: physical barriers

A
  • Mucous
  • Hairs
  • Cilia - move from lungs to throat
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14
Q

Lysozyme

chemical barriers

A

enzyme that break down cell walls of certain bacteria

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15
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

chemical barriers

A

found in eyes

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16
Q

saliva

chemical barriers

A

washes microbes from teeth and mouth

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17
Q

urine, vaginal secretions

A

move microbes out of body

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18
Q

types of Phagocytes

second line of defence

A

monocytes and macrophages
neutrophils
dentritic cells

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19
Q

Neutrophils

phagocytes

A

most abundant, fast acting

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20
Q

Monocyte-macrophage system

phagocytes

A

macrophages function as APC’s

21
Q

Dendritic cells

phagocytes

A

found in tissue that has contact with outside environment

22
Q

Eosinophils

phagocytes

A

less abundant
destroy antibody coated pathogens/foregin compounds

23
Q
  1. Chemotaxis

5 steps of phagocytosis

A

movement of phagocyte due to attraction of chemicals

24
Q
  1. Adherance

5 steps of phagocytosis

A

attachment of phagocyte to target

25
Q
  1. Ingestion

5 steps of phagocytosis

A

“false feet” are formed and engulf target cell

26
Q
  1. Digestion

5 steps of phagocytosis

A

Lysozomes, proteosomes bind with phagosome

27
Q
  1. Killing

5 steps of phagocytosis

A

death of target cell and release of debris

28
Q

What is immune surveillance?

A

constant monitoring of tissues by NK cells

29
Q

What are tumour specific antigens

immune surveillance

A

often in cancer cells that NK cells recognize/destroy

30
Q

Presense of unusual plasma membrane activate NK cell leading to

Steps of NK recognition and destruction

A

NK cell adhering to target

31
Q

Golgi apparatus moves within NK cell to target cell

Steps of NK recognition and destruction

A

Produces vesicles containing perforins

32
Q

What happens to perforins released from NK cell

Steps of NK recognition and destruction

A

They arrive at target cell

33
Q

What do perforins do at once they rech target cell?

Steps of NK recognition and destruction

A

Create pores in target cell membranes

34
Q

What are interferons

second line of defence

A

Small proteins released by activated lymphocytes

35
Q

What do interferons do?

second line of defense

A

trigger production of antiviral proteins (cytokines)

36
Q

What is complement system?

second line of defense

A

system that complements action of antibodies

37
Q

What is the classical pathway?

Complement system

A

most rapid/effective

attach to antibody molecules
MAC complex

38
Q

what is the lectin pathway?

complement system

A

activated by mannose-binding lectin protein

activate inflammatory response

enhances opsonization

39
Q

What is alternative pathway

complement system

A

Several complement proteins interact in plasma

attachment of activated protein

40
Q

What are the effects of complement system

A
  1. pore formation/cell lysis
  2. enhanced phagocytosis
  3. histamine release
41
Q

What are iron binding proteins

A

Inhibit growth of bacteria by reducing availble iron

42
Q

What are antimicrobial proteins

A

short peptides that have broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity

43
Q

Which substances contribute to vasodilation and increased permeability

A

Histamine

Kinins

44
Q

What are 3 stages of inflammatory response

A
  1. Vasodilation/increased permeability
  2. emigration of phagocytes from blood to IF
  3. Tissue repair
45
Q

What does emigration of phagocytes depend on?

A

Chemotaxis

46
Q

What substance helps with tissue repair

A

Fibroblasts

47
Q

What is a pyrogen?

A

fever-inducing protein

48
Q

what are benefits of fevers

A
  1. inhibit bacteria/virus
  2. accelerate tissue defense and repair process

anp 300 course 2 (18 decks)

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