Blood lecture 3

Question 2

What are antigens

Answer 2

substance that illicit immune response

Question 3

What are surface antigens

Answer 3

normal antigens on surfaces of our cells

recognized as normal by our immune system

Question 4

What are agglutinogens?

Answer 4

Antigens on RBC surface
make agglutinins

Question 5

What do agglutinins do?

Answer 5

Make particles stick together or clump

Question 6

How is blood type determined?

Answer 6

By which surface antigens present on RBC plasma membranes

Question 7

What is ABO blood group based on? How many types are there?

Answer 7

Presense or absense or A and B surface antigens

4 types: A, B, AB, O

Question 8

How does the plasma relate to surface antigens

Answer 8

Will have antibodies that attack other surface antigen types

Question 9

What does Rh blood group consist of?

Answer 9

Rh+ RBC’s have Rh antigen

Rh- RBC’s lack Rh antigen

Question 10

Name the four ABO blood types, which surface antigens and which antibodies their plasma has

Answer 10

Type A: A surface antigen, Anti-B antibody
Type B: B surface antigen, Anti A antibody
Type AB: A and B surface antigen, no anti A or B antibodies
Type O: No surface antigens, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Question 11

Is the presence of anti-a/anti-b antibodies genetically determined?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Anti-Rh antibodies are not automatically present. How could one with Rh- blood develop them?

Answer 12

Being exposed to Rh+ blood

Question 13

What is a transfusion

Answer 13

Transfer of whole blood/blood components into bloodstream

Question 14

What could occur due to an imcompatible blood transfusion

Answer 14

Agglutination, clumping of RBCs

Question 15

Which blood type is known as the universal recipient? Why?

Answer 15

AB because it has no antibodies

Question 16

Which blood type is known as the universal donor

Answer 16

Type O because it has no surface antigens

Question 17

What is the most common problem with Rh incomptibility

Answer 17

Hemolytic disease of newborn

Question 18

How can Hemolytic disease of newborn occur?

Answer 18

If Mom is Rh- and baby is Rh+, mom may create anti-Rh antibodies

Question 19

What can happen during a second pregnancy if the mom created anti-rh antibodies during the first one

Answer 19

Can cross placenta and cause hemolysis

Question 20

How are blood typing tests performed?

Answer 20

Drops of blood mixed with solutions containing antibodies – clumping can occur

Question 21

Anemia

Blood pathologies

Answer 21

Oxygen carrying capacity of blood reduced

Question 22

Iron deficiency anemia

blood pathologies

Answer 22

M/c type
Due to insufficient iron intake or loss etc..

Question 23

Megaloblastic anemia

blood pathologies

Answer 23

Inadequate b12 or folic acid
large abnormal RBC

Question 24

Hemorrhagic anemia

blood pathology

Answer 24

Excessive loss of RBC’

Question 25

Pernicious Anemia

blood pathologies

Answer 25

Vit b12 deficiency from stomach inability to absorb

Question 26

Hemolytic anemia

blood pathology

Answer 26

Premature RBC plasma rupture

Question 27

Thalassemia

blood pathologies

Answer 27

Deficient hemoglobin synthesis
Small short lived RBC

Question 28

Sickle Cell disease

blood pathologies

Answer 28

Contain abnormal hemoglobin
Cells rupture easily

Question 29

Where sickle cell disease mainly found

Answer 29

malaria belt

Question 30

Aplastic anemia

blood pathologies

Answer 30

Destruction of red bone marrow

Question 31

Hemophilia

Blood pathologies

Answer 31

Deficiency of clotting
X-linked genetic disorder

Question 32

Leukemia

blood pathologies

Answer 32

Excessive WBC multiplication

Question 33

Hemochromatosis

blood pathology

Answer 33

Body absorb and store too much iron

Question 34

Jaundice

blood pathology

Answer 34

Yellow discoloration excessive bilirubin

Question 35

3 types of jaundice

Answer 35

Prehepatic - excessive bilirubin prod
Hepatic - abnormal bilirubin processing by liver
Extrahepatic - blockage of bile drainage