Blood lecture 1 Flashcards
Cardiovascular system consists of what?
Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels
Major function of cardiovascular system?
Deliver oxygen and nutrients
What is hematology?
Study of blood
What is the major function of blood?
Transportation of nutrients/gasses
Why is transportation an important function?
Most cells cannot move around to obtain oxygen, nutrients, eliminate carbon dioxide
What two fluids does the body use for transportation?
IF
Blood
What is Blood? and what composes its extracellular matrix?
Blood is Liquid connective tissue
ECM composed of plasma
What is blood plasma composed of?
Water mostly, plasma proteins, dissolved solutes
3 functions of blood?
Transportation
Regulation
Protection
Why is regulation an important function of blood?
Maintains pH
Stabilize body temp
Diffusion of ions b/w blood and IF
How does blood maintain temperature
- High temp - blood closer to skin
- Low temp - blood to brain/internal organs
How does blood function for protection?
Clotting (restrict fluid loss)
Immunity (transport WBC)
How many litres in average adult
avg 5.
4-5 female
5-6 male
What is whole blood?
Blood with all its components
What are the 2 major components of whole blood?
Plasma
Formed elements
What are the 3 main plasma proteins?
- albumins
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
Function of Albumins?
Osmotic pressure
Two main functions of Globulins?
Antibodies
Transport globulins
Function of Fibrinogen?
Blood clotting
What are the 3 main Plasma solutes?
Electrolytes
Organic nutrients
Organic wastes
Function of electrolytes
Vital cellular activities
Function of organic nutrients
ATP prod, growth, maintanence
function of organic wastes
removal by getting broken down or excreted
What are the 3 main formed elements of blood?
Platelets
RBC
WBC
Function of platelets
aka thrombocytes
Clotting
Function of WBC’s
Body defense
Main function of RBC’s
Oxygen transport
What is hematocrit
% of whole blood from formed elements
(Platelets, RBC, WBC)
What is a sign of low hematocrit?
Anemia
What is a sign of high hematocrit?
Polycythemia
What is hematopoeisis
How formed elements develop
Where does hematopoiesis begin, switch to, then end
Throughout lifespan
- Yolk sac - embryonic development
- liver, spleen, thymus
- Bone marrow
What is responsible for prod. of RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets?
Red Bone Marrow
In the formation of blood cells, what is the first cell type it starts as?
Formation of Blood Cells Step 1/6
Pluripotent stem cell
What does a pluripotent stem cell create?
Specialized stem cells: Lymphoid and myeloid
What do the Specialized stem cells Lymphoid and Myeloid do?
Formation of blood cells 2/6
Lymphoid: create lymphocytes, NK cells
Myeloid: neutrophils, monocytes, RBCs, etc…
What comes after specialized stem cells in the formation of blood cells?
Formation of blood cells 3/6
Progenitor Cell
Colony Forming Unit
(stem cells turn into proginator cells)
What is the function of Colony forming units?
Create specific elements of blood
What are the 3 main Colony forming units?
CFU-E = Erythrocytes
CFU-Meg = Megakaryocytes
CFU-GM = Granulocytes and Monocytes
What comes after Progenitor cells in the formation of blood cells and what do they do?
Formation of blood cells 4/6
Precursor cells (blasts)
Turn into actual blood cells
What comes after precursor cells in blood cell formation
Formation of blood cells 5/6
Optional step:
RBC = reticulocyte
Platelet = megakaryocyte
What is the final step of formation of blood cells
Formation of blood cells 6/6
Developed formed element
(developed into final mature cell type)
What are hematopoietic Growth factors?
Hormones which assisst Progenitor cells/colony forming units
What are the three main Hemopoetic Growth Factors?
EPO - Erythropoetin
TPO - Thrombopoetin
Cytokines
What is EPO - Erythropoetin?
Where is it released from?
Stimulates RBC prod
Kidneys
What is TPO - Thrombopoetin? where is it released from?
Prod of platelets
released from liver
What cytokines do?
WBC prod.
How are blood samples most commonly obtained?
Venipuncture
