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anp 300 course 2 > Blood lecture 1 > Flashcards

Blood lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system consists of what?

A

Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels

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2
Q

Major function of cardiovascular system?

A

Deliver oxygen and nutrients

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3
Q

What is hematology?

A

Study of blood

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4
Q

What is the major function of blood?

A

Transportation of nutrients/gasses

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5
Q

Why is transportation an important function?

A

Most cells cannot move around to obtain oxygen, nutrients, eliminate carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What two fluids does the body use for transportation?

A

IF
Blood

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7
Q

What is Blood? and what composes its extracellular matrix?

A

Blood is Liquid connective tissue
ECM composed of plasma

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8
Q

What is blood plasma composed of?

A

Water mostly, plasma proteins, dissolved solutes

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9
Q

3 functions of blood?

A

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

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10
Q

Why is regulation an important function of blood?

A

Maintains pH
Stabilize body temp
Diffusion of ions b/w blood and IF

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11
Q

How does blood maintain temperature

A
  • High temp - blood closer to skin
  • Low temp - blood to brain/internal organs
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12
Q

How does blood function for protection?

A

Clotting (restrict fluid loss)
Immunity (transport WBC)

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13
Q

How many litres in average adult

A

avg 5.
4-5 female
5-6 male

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14
Q

What is whole blood?

A

Blood with all its components

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15
Q

What are the 2 major components of whole blood?

A

Plasma
Formed elements

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16
Q

What are the 3 main plasma proteins?

A
  1. albumins
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
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17
Q

Function of Albumins?

A

Osmotic pressure

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18
Q

Two main functions of Globulins?

A

Antibodies
Transport globulins

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19
Q

Function of Fibrinogen?

A

Blood clotting

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20
Q

What are the 3 main Plasma solutes?

A

Electrolytes
Organic nutrients
Organic wastes

21
Q

Function of electrolytes

A

Vital cellular activities

22
Q

Function of organic nutrients

A

ATP prod, growth, maintanence

23
Q

function of organic wastes

A

removal by getting broken down or excreted

24
Q

What are the 3 main formed elements of blood?

A

Platelets
RBC
WBC

25
Q

Function of platelets

aka thrombocytes

A

Clotting

26
Q

Function of WBC’s

A

Body defense

27
Q

Main function of RBC’s

A

Oxygen transport

28
Q

What is hematocrit

A

% of whole blood from formed elements

(Platelets, RBC, WBC)

29
Q

What is a sign of low hematocrit?

A

Anemia

29
Q

What is a sign of high hematocrit?

A

Polycythemia

30
Q

What is hematopoeisis

A

How formed elements develop

31
Q

Where does hematopoiesis begin, switch to, then end

Throughout lifespan

A
  1. Yolk sac - embryonic development
  2. liver, spleen, thymus
  3. Bone marrow
32
Q

What is responsible for prod. of RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets?

A

Red Bone Marrow

33
Q

In the formation of blood cells, what is the first cell type it starts as?

Formation of Blood Cells Step 1/6

A

Pluripotent stem cell

34
Q

What does a pluripotent stem cell create?

A

Specialized stem cells: Lymphoid and myeloid

35
Q

What do the Specialized stem cells Lymphoid and Myeloid do?

Formation of blood cells 2/6

A

Lymphoid: create lymphocytes, NK cells
Myeloid: neutrophils, monocytes, RBCs, etc…

36
Q

What comes after specialized stem cells in the formation of blood cells?

Formation of blood cells 3/6

A

Progenitor Cell
Colony Forming Unit
(stem cells turn into proginator cells)

37
Q

What is the function of Colony forming units?

A

Create specific elements of blood

38
Q

What are the 3 main Colony forming units?

A

CFU-E = Erythrocytes
CFU-Meg = Megakaryocytes
CFU-GM = Granulocytes and Monocytes

39
Q

What comes after Progenitor cells in the formation of blood cells and what do they do?

Formation of blood cells 4/6

A

Precursor cells (blasts)
Turn into actual blood cells

40
Q

What comes after precursor cells in blood cell formation

Formation of blood cells 5/6

A

Optional step:
RBC = reticulocyte
Platelet = megakaryocyte

41
Q

What is the final step of formation of blood cells

Formation of blood cells 6/6

A

Developed formed element

(developed into final mature cell type)

42
Q
A
43
Q

What are hematopoietic Growth factors?

A

Hormones which assisst Progenitor cells/colony forming units

44
Q

What are the three main Hemopoetic Growth Factors?

A

EPO - Erythropoetin
TPO - Thrombopoetin
Cytokines

45
Q

What is EPO - Erythropoetin?
Where is it released from?

A

Stimulates RBC prod
Kidneys

46
Q

What is TPO - Thrombopoetin? where is it released from?

A

Prod of platelets
released from liver

47
Q

What cytokines do?

A

WBC prod.

48
Q

How are blood samples most commonly obtained?

A

Venipuncture

anp 300 course 2 (18 decks)

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