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anp 300 course 2 > deck_16394788 > Flashcards

deck_16394788 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the lymphatic system

Functions of lymphatic system

A
  1. Draining excess IF
  2. Carry out immune responses
  3. Transporting dietary lipids absorbed by GI tract to blood
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2
Q

What are the 4 components of Lymphatic system

Components of Lymphatic system

A

Lymph
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic tissues
Lymphocytes

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3
Q

How is lymph different from IF?

Lymphatic Fluid

A

Contains immune cells

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4
Q

Why does lymph have a “milky” appearance?

Lymphatic Fluid

A

Absorbed dietary lipids

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5
Q

Lymphatic vessels are often called what?

Lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphatics

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6
Q

Where does the lymphatic network begin?

Lymphatic Vessels

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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7
Q

In what ways are Lymph capillaries different from blood capillaries?

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

A

Closed @ one end
Larger diameter
Thinner walls

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8
Q

What is the purpose of overlapping endothelial cells in lymph capillaries?

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

A

One-way valve permitting entry

Due to pressure changes

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9
Q

What are lacteals?

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

A

capillaries located in small intestine
Carry dietary lipids

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10
Q

What is Chyle

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

A

Creamy white lymph in lacteals

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11
Q

Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in what way?

Lymphatic Vessels

A

Contain valves to prevent backflow
Vessel bulges at each valve

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12
Q

Superficial lymphatics are located where?

Lymphatic Vessels

A

Subcutaneous layer of skin
Mucous membranes
Serous membranes

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13
Q

Deep lymphatics are located where?

Lymphatic Vessels

A

skeletal muscles, organs of neck, limbs, trunk

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14
Q

6 steps of lympatic flow

From periphery to central vasculature

Lymphatic Flow

A
  1. Begins as IF
  2. Enter lymphatic capillaries
  3. Travel to regional lymph nodes
  4. Enter lymphatic trunks
  5. Drain into R or L lymphatic duct
  6. Return lymph to blood at subclavian veins
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15
Q

What are the 5 principle lymphatic trunks

Lymphatic flow: Lymphatic Trunks

A

Lumbar
Intestinal
Bronchomediastinal
subclavian
jugular

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16
Q

Which two ducts do Lymphatic trunks drain into?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic ducts

A

Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct

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17
Q

Thoracic duct collects lymph from?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic Ducts

A

Entire body inferior to diaphragm
Left side superior to diaphragm

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18
Q

Right lymphatic duct collects lymph from?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic Ducts

A

Right side superior to diaphragm

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19
Q

Where does the Thoracic duct begin?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic ducts

A

Cisterna chyli (anterior to L2)

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20
Q

How does lymph move

Lymph movement

A
  1. Pressure in interstitial space
  2. Skeletal muscle contractions
  3. Pressure during breathing
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21
Q

What is lymphedema?

Lymphadema

A

Blocked lymphatic drainage
most often in limbs

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22
Q

Lymphoid tissues may be either?

Lymphoid tissues

A

Lymphoid nodules
lymphoid organs

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23
Q

What are lymphoid nodules

Lymphiod tissues

A

densely packed lymphocytes in area of areolar tissue

no capsules

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24
Q

What are lymphoid organs?

Lymphoid tissues

A

Separated from surrouding tissues w/ capsule

25
Q

What are two groups of Lymphoid tissues?

Lymphoid tissues

A

Primary lymphatic tissues
Secondary lymphatic tissues

26
Q

What composes secondary lymphatic tissues

A

lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules

Where lymphocytes activated/cloned

27
Q

What composes Primary lymphatic tissues

A

Red bone marrow
thymus

Where lymphocytes are made/matured

28
Q

What occurs in RED BONE MARROW

A

Give rise to immunocompetant B cells
Pre-T cells (migrate to thymus)

29
Q

What occurs in thymus?

A

produces hormones (thymosins) for T-cell development

30
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A
  • Mediastinum (posterior to sternum)
    Covered in capsule dividing into R and L lobes
31
Q

What does each thymus lobule consist of?

A

Dark outer cortex
Lighter cental medulla

32
Q

What does the cortex of the thymus do?

A

Regulates T cell development within epithelial reticular cells

33
Q

What happens at the outer cortex of the thymus

A

Detritic cells: t-cell maturation
Epithelial cells: educate T-cells
Macrophages: clear out cells
surviving T-cells enter inner medulla

34
Q

After 3 weeks T cells enter medulla? How many survive?

A

2% survive and enter medulla. Rest apoptosis death

35
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

small lymphoid organs surrounded by firbous connective capsule

36
Q

Where are large lymph glands located?

A

Neck, groin, axillae

37
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes?

A

Remove 99% of pathogens before returning to bloodstream

38
Q

Where are important lymph nodes located

A

Head and neck
Arms
Legs

39
Q

What are lymph nodes covered by?

A

Dense CT

40
Q

What do trabeculae do in lymph nodes?

A

Divide into compartments
support
route for blood vessels

41
Q

What is a lymph node stroma?

A

composed of capsule, trabeculae, reticular fibres, fibroblasts

42
Q

How does the lymph node function

A

Foreign substances trapped in reticular fibres in sinuses
Macrophages destory
Lymphocytes create immune response

43
Q

What is a hilum in the lymph node?

A

indentation where vessels enter node

44
Q

What is the spleen composed of?

A

Largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body

45
Q

What are the functions of spleen?

A
  1. remove abnormal RBC
  2. Store iron from RBC
  3. Initaite immune response
46
Q

Describe the diaphragmatic surface of the spleen

A

smooth and convex

conforms to shape of diaphragm and body wall

47
Q

What are the two indentations on the visceral surface of the spleen

A

Gastric area (stomach)
Renal area (kidney)

48
Q

What is the internal anatomy of the spleen?

A

Outer capsule of collagen/elastic fibres
Trabeculae
Parenchyma

49
Q

What is parenchyma made of? How many types are there?

A

Made of pulp

Red pulp
White pulp

50
Q

What is white pulp in parenchyma

spleen

A

lymphatic tissue arranged around central arteries

51
Q

What is red pulp in parenchyma?

spleen

A

blood filled venous sinus called splenic Billroths cords

52
Q

What is the function of white pulp

spleen

A

carry blood to central arteries of white pulp
acts as immune filter

53
Q

What are the functions of red pulp?

Spleen

A

removal of RBC and platelets
Storage of platelets
Production of blood cells during fetal life

54
Q

What is treatment of removing spleen called?

A

Splenectomy

55
Q

What are lymphoid nodules?

A

masses of lymphatic tissue with no capsule

56
Q

Where are lymphoid nodules located?

A

mucous membranes
GI, urinary/reprod. tract/respiratory airways

57
Q

What is MALT? what does it do?

A
  • Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
    Protect epithelia from pathogens and toxins
58
Q

What are tonsils? Where are they located?

A
    • Large lymphoid nodules on wall of pharynx
      location: pharyngeal, palatine, lingual
59
Q

What are two examples of MALT disorders?

A

Tonsillitis
Appendicitis

anp 300 course 2 (18 decks)

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