Deck 4 Flashcards
What is the primary meaning of ‘Amend’?
Make minor changes to (a text, piece of legislation, etc.) in order to make it fairer, more accurate, or more up-to-date.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Amend’?
Improve the texture or fertility of (soil).
What are some synonyms for ‘Amend’?
Modify, Alter, Change, Revise, Correct.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Activism’?
The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.
What are some synonyms for ‘Activism’?
Advocacy, Campaigning, Activism, Crusading, Championing.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Shrewd’?
Having or showing sharp powers of judgment; astute.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Shrewd’?
(In a more negative sense) Cunning, scheming.
What are some synonyms for ‘Shrewd’?
Astute, Clever, Intelligent, Smart, Calculating.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Irascible’?
Having or showing a tendency to be easily angered.
What are some synonyms for ‘Irascible’?
Testy, Petulant, Temperamental, Touchy, Grumpy.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Adept’?
Very skilled or proficient at something.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Adept’?
A person who is skilled or proficient at something.
What are some synonyms for ‘Adept’?
Skilled, Proficient, Expert, Accomplished, Talented.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Coddle’?
Treat in an indulgent or overprotective way.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Coddle’?
Cook (an egg) in or over boiling water.
Contextual Usage: ‘For breakfast, he liked his eggs coddled.’
What are some synonyms for ‘Coddle’?
Pamper, Baby, Overprotect, Spoil, Mollycoddle.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Dwarf’?
Cause to seem small or insignificant in comparison.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Dwarf’?
A member of a species of small humanlike creatures that appear in folklore and fantasy fiction.
What is the tertiary meaning of ‘Dwarf’?
A person with a condition resulting in short stature.
What are some synonyms for ‘Dwarf’?
Overshadow, Dominate, Tower over, Eclipse, Outshine.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Ludicrous’?
So foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing; ridiculous.
What are some synonyms for ‘Ludicrous’?
Absurd, Ridiculous, Preposterous, Laughable, Farcical.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Doctrinaire’?
Dogmatic about others accepting one’s ideas; fanatical.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Doctrinaire’?
Inclined to lay down principles as undeniably true
What are some synonyms for ‘Doctrinaire’?
Dogmatic, Inflexible, Rigid, Uncompromising, Fanatical.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Vindicate’?
Clear (someone) of blame or suspicion.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Vindicate’?
Show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.
What are some synonyms for ‘Vindicate’?
Exonerate, Absolve, Justify, Substantiate, Corroborate.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Assail’?
Make a joint or violent attack on.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Assail’?
Criticize strongly.
What are some synonyms for ‘Assail’?
Attack, Assault, Besiege, Bombard, Criticize.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Benevolent’?
Well-meaning and kindly.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Benevolent’?
(Of an organization) serving a charitable rather than a profit-making purpose.
What are some synonyms for ‘Benevolent’?
Kind, Generous, Charitable, Altruistic, Good-hearted.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Unverifiable’?
Not able to be checked or demonstrated to be true, accurate, or justified.
What are some synonyms for ‘Unverifiable’?
Unconfirmable, Indemonstrable, Uncertain, Inconclusive, Unprovable.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Ahistorical’?
Synonyms???
Lacking historical perspective or context.
Unhistorical, Nonhistorical, Anachronistic
What is the primary meaning of ‘Fervor’?
Intense and passionate feeling.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Fervor’?
Intense heat.
What are some synonyms for ‘Fervor’?
Passion, Ardor, Enthusiasm, Zeal, Intensity.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Condone’?
Accept and allow (behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive) to continue.
What is a secondary meaning of ‘Condone’?
Approve or sanction (something), especially with reluctance.
What are some synonyms for ‘Condone’?
Overlook, Accept, Allow, Excuse, Pardon.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Contemptuous’?
Showing contempt; scornful.
What are some synonyms for ‘Contemptuous’?
Scornful, Disdainful, Disrespectful, Derisive, Sneering.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Intercept’?
Prevent someone or something from continuing to a destination.
What is a secondary meaning of ‘Intercept’?
intercept a transmission or a catch
What are some synonyms for ‘Intercept’?
Cut off, Interrupt, Seize, Stop, Capture.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Refuge’?
A condition of being safe or sheltered from pursuit, danger, or trouble.
What is a secondary meaning of ‘Refuge’?
Something providing shelter.
What are some synonyms for ‘Refuge’?
Sanctuary, Shelter, Haven, Retreat, Asylum.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Cursory’?
Hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed.
What are some synonyms for ‘Cursory’?
Superficial, Perfunctory, Casual, Hasty, Quick.
What is the primary meaning of ‘abstract’?
Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘abstract’?
A summary of the contents of a book, article, or speech.
What is the tertiary meaning of ‘abstract’ in art?
(Art) Art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, colors, and textures.
What are some synonyms for ‘abstract’?
Theoretical, Conceptual, Nonconcrete, Summarized, Nonrepresentational.
What is the primary meaning of ‘incessant’?
(Of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption.
What are some synonyms for ‘incessant’?
Unrelenting, Unending, Constant, Continuous, Non-stop.
What is the primary meaning of ‘idiosyncratic’?
Peculiar or individual.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘idiosyncratic’?
Characteristic of a particular person; unique to an individual.
What are some synonyms for ‘idiosyncratic’?
Distinctive, Individual, Peculiar, Unique, Characteristic.
What is the primary meaning of ‘dogged’?
Having or showing tenacity and grim persistence.
What are some synonyms for ‘dogged’?
Persistent, Determined, Tenacious, Stubborn, Persevering.
What is the primary meaning of ‘base’?
The lowest part or edge of something, especially the part on which it rests or is supported.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘base’?
Morally low, mean, or contemptible.
What are some synonyms for ‘base’?
Foundation, Bottom, Immoral, Dishonorable, Mean.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Ridicule’?
The subjection of someone or something to contemptuous and dismissive language or behavior.
Contextual Usage: ‘Her novel, once an object of ridicule, later became a classic.’
What are some synonyms for ‘Ridicule’?
Mockery, Derision, Scorn, Taunting, Satire.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Confound’?
To perplex or amaze, especially by a sudden disturbance or surprise
Contextual Usage: ‘The twist in the plot confounded the audience.’
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Confound’?
Prove (a theory, expectation, or prediction) wrong.
Contextual Usage: ‘The results confounded the scientists’ initial hypotheses.’
What is the tertiary meaning of ‘Confound’?
Mix up (something) with something else.
##Footnote
“he was forever confounding managerialism with idealism”
What are some synonyms for ‘Confound’?
Baffle, Bewilder, Perplex, Puzzle, Frustrate.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Preeminent’?
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
Contextual Usage: ‘She is a preeminent figure in the field of neurology.’
What are some synonyms for ‘Preeminent’?
Leading, Foremost, Outstanding, Superior, Renowned.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Exasperate’?
Irritate intensely; infuriate.
Contextual Usage: ‘His constant lateness exasperated her.’
What are some synonyms for ‘Exasperate’?
Annoy, Irritate, Vex, Anger, Aggravate.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Malignant’?
(Of a disease) very virulent or infectious.
Contextual Usage: ‘The patient was diagnosed with a malignant tumor.’
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Malignant’?
Malevolent.
Contextual Usage: ‘His malignant intentions were hidden behind a facade of friendliness.’
What are some synonyms for ‘Malignant’?
Deadly, Harmful, Virulent, Malevolent, Nefarious.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Fervent’?
Having or displaying a passionate intensity.
Contextual Usage: ‘She had a fervent belief in the power of education.’
What are some synonyms for ‘Fervent’?
Passionate, Intense, Zealous, Ardent, Heated.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Ironic’?
Happening in a way contrary to what is expected, and typically causing wry amusement because of this.
What are some synonyms for ‘Ironic’?
Sarcastic, Sardonic, Paradoxical, Cynical, Wry, Contradictory.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Surpass’?
Exceed; be greater than.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Surpass’?
Be better than; excel.
What are some synonyms for ‘Surpass’?
Exceed, Outdo, Outstrip, Eclipse, Transcend.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Insular’?
Ignorant of or uninterested in cultures, ideas, or peoples outside one’s own experience.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Insular’?
Relating to or from an island.
What are some synonyms for ‘Insular’?
Narrow-minded, Provincial, Parochial, Isolated, Sheltered.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Tepid’?
(Especially of a liquid) only slightly warm; lukewarm.
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Tepid’?
Showing little enthusiasm.
What are some synonyms for ‘Tepid’?
Lukewarm, Warmish, Half-hearted, Unenthusiastic, Mild.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Implausible’?
(Of an argument or statement) not seeming reasonable or probable; failing to convince.
What are some synonyms for ‘Implausible’?
Unlikely, Unbelievable, Unconvincing, Far-fetched, Doubtful.
What does ‘irresolute’ mean?
Showing or feeling hesitancy; uncertain.
Contextual Usage: ‘He stood irresolute at the crossroads, unsure of which path to take.’
What does ‘resolution’ mean?
A firm decision to do or not to do something.
Contextual Usage: ‘Her New Year’s resolution was to exercise regularly.’
What is a secondary meaning of ‘resolution’?
The action of solving a problem or contentious matter.
Contextual Usage: ‘The resolution of the dispute was a relief to both parties.’
What is a tertiary meaning of ‘resolution’?
The quality of being determined or resolute.
Contextual Usage: ‘She showed great resolution in dealing with the crisis.’
What does ‘layperson’ mean?
A non-expert: someone who is not a member of a particular profession or group of specialists.
Contextual Usage: ‘As a layperson in medical matters, he deferred to the doctor’s advice.’
What are synonyms for ‘layperson’?
Amateur, Novice.
What does ‘hysterical’ mean?
uncontrolled extreme emotion or extremely funny
Contextual Usage: ‘She became hysterical when she heard the news.’
What are synonyms of ‘hysterical’?
Overwrought, uncontrollable, emotional, hilarious, frenzied.
What does ‘murky’ mean?
Dark and gloomy, especially due to thick mist.
Contextual Usage: ‘The lake was murky and mysterious in the fog.’
What is a secondary meaning of ‘murky’?
Not fully explained or understood, especially with concealed dishonesty or immorality.
Contextual Usage: ‘The details of the deal were murky and suspicious.’
What are synonyms for ‘murky’?
Obscure, Unclear, Cloudy, Nebulous, Vague.
What does ‘Marginalize’ mean?
Treat (a person, group, or concept) as insignificant or peripheral.
Contextual Usage: “The policy tended to marginalize certain groups within the society.”
What are synonyms for ‘Marginalize’?
Sideline, Disregard, Overlook, Neglect, Undervalue.
What does ‘Collusion’ mean?
Secret or illegal cooperation or conspiracy, especially in order to cheat or deceive others.
Contextual Usage: “The companies were accused of collusion to fix prices.”
What are synonyms for ‘Collusion’?
Conspiracy, Connivance, Complicity, Conspiring, Plotting.
What are the primary and secondary meanings of ‘Florid’?
Primary Meaning: Having a red or flushed complexion. Secondary Meaning: Elaborately or excessively intricate or complicated.
Contextual Usage (Primary): “He had a florid face after the brisk walk.” Contextual Usage (Secondary): “Her writing style was florid, full of flowery language.”
What are synonyms for ‘Florid’?
Ruddy, Red-faced, Ornate, Over-elaborate, Baroque.
What does ‘Egregious’ mean?
Outstandingly bad; shocking.
Contextual Usage: “Their neglect of the environment was an egregious error.”
What are synonyms for ‘Egregious’?
Shocking, Appalling, Terrible, Horrific, Flagrant.
What does ‘Exhaustive’ mean?
Examining, including, or considering all elements or aspects; fully comprehensive.
Contextual Usage: “The report was exhaustive in its scope and detail.”
What are synonyms for ‘Exhaustive’?
Comprehensive, Thorough, In-depth, All-inclusive, Detailed.
What does ‘Assiduous’ mean?
Showing great care and perseverance.
Contextual Usage: “Her assiduous efforts in the lab led to a groundbreaking discovery.”
What are synonyms for ‘Assiduous’?
Diligent, Careful, Meticulous, Thorough, Persistent.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Panacea’?
A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.
Contextual Usage: ‘People hoped the new policy would be a panacea for the nation’s problems.’
What are some synonyms for ‘Panacea’?
Universal cure, Cure-all, Remedy, Solution, Elixir.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Inviting’?
Appealing, alluring, or attractive.
Contextual Usage: ‘The cozy café looked inviting in the winter weather.’
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Inviting’?
Encouraging someone to feel welcome or tempted to do something.
Contextual Usage: ‘The aroma of fresh coffee was very inviting.’
What are some synonyms for ‘Inviting’?
Appealing, Tempting, Attractive, Welcoming, Alluring.
What is the primary meaning of ‘Abandon’?
Cease to support or look after (someone); desert.
Contextual Usage: ‘He was abandoned by his friends after the scandal.’
What is the secondary meaning of ‘Abandon’?
Give up completely (a practice or a course of action).
Contextual Usage: ‘She decided to abandon her studies to pursue her dream career.’
What is the tertiary meaning of ‘Abandon’?
Complete lack of inhibition or restraint.
Contextual Usage: ‘She sings and sways with total abandon.’
What are some synonyms for ‘Abandon’?
Desert, Forsake, Leave, Relinquish, Discontinue. Uninhibitedness, recklessness, lack of restraint, lack of inhibition.
