Deck 4 Flashcards
Chaining
Break a task in to steps- each step is reinforced one at a time
Continuous reinforcement (CRF)
Reinforcer follows every correct response made by the indivudal
-everytime a dog shakes a paw, they get a treat
Contrasting effects
Changes in value of a reward leads to shift in response rates. Can be positive or negative
Cumulative recorder
device that records rate pattern of responding over time
Discriminative stimuli
when a child engages in the target behavior of cleaning their room when a parent is present, but not engaging in the behavior when the parent is not present
s+ reinforcer is present
s- reiforcer is not present
Escape training
-child learns to be loud so teacher is distracted and escapes learning
-person leaves a noisy room
Fixed interval (FI) schedule
provides rewards at consistent times
Fixed ratio (FR) schedule
Reinforcement after a fixed number of correct responses
Law of Effect
Response followed by a satisfying effect is strengthened and likely to occur again, and vice versa
-awarding good grades
Mirror neuron
respond to actions that we observe in others - also empathy
Omission training
losing privileges so person starts doing wanted behaviour
Operant chamber
Aka Skinner box. Chamber with a lever or other mechanism for an animal to produce a reinforcer- see how long it takes them to understand desired behaviour
Overjustification effect
-child is rewarded for drawing will start to unenjoy drawing and only want the reward
Partial reinforcement (PRF)
Reinforcement only occurs after some responses
Post-reinforcmenet pause
After reinforcment on a fixed ration schedule, the time where the organism stops before resuming the task
Primary reinforcer
Reinforcer with intrinsic value (ex. food, water, shelter, mate)
Punishment training
Negative reinforcer presented after a response to decrease response rate
Ratio strain
not knowing when reward comes because its inconsisten so less motivation for desired behaviour
Reward training
Positive reinforcer presented after a response to increase response rate
Secondary reinforcer
Reinforcer that can be exchanged for a primary reinforcer (ex. money)
Shaping
rewarding incremental progress towards a complex behavior (building up)
Variable interval (VI) schedule
Reinforcement follows first correct response after an interval of time has passed
Variable ratio (VR) schedule
Reinforcement follows after a variable number of responses has been completed
Adoption studies
When an adopted child is compared to their biological and adopted parents to assess genetic and environmental influences on a trait
Arch of knowledge
How deductive and inductive reasoning guide the scientific method
deductive reasoning moves from general principles to specific conclusions
inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to general principles
