DDT 21 - Protozoa and Disease Flashcards
protozoa
unicellular
single cell structure that have animal characteristics and feed on live matter
motile at some stage name features that help them move
cilia,
flagella,
pseudopodia;
how do protozoa reproduce and which is more common
sexually and asexually
asexual is most common
three types of fission in which protozoa reproduce
longitudinal fission -
budding -
schizogony -
what feature is common in protozoa
encystment - individual reaches a harsh environment and can create a shell around themselves and can hatch out from the cyst when the conditions are favourable
how do you describe how protozoa get nutrition
heterotrophic can
saprozoic - eat dead matter
holozoic - enguld living matter e.g. fungal spores
how are protozoa not harmless
free living - feed content with smaller microorganisms
protozoa that causes malaria
plasmodium
how many species of plasmodium
50
how many species of plasmodium are affected by humans
5
name the 5 species of plasmodium that affect humans
Plasmodiumknowlesi - infects primates but led to human malaria
Plasmodium vivax - benign tertian; (fevers every 48 hours on day 1 an day 3)
Plasmodium ovale - ovale benign tertian;
Plasmodium malariae - benign quartan;(fevers 72 hours on day 1 and day 4)
Plasmodium falciparum - malignant tertian
Describe the primary exoerythrocytic cycle,
- infected mosquito bites = she injects sporozoites body with from her salivary glands;
- motile sporozoites are taken in the blood vessels penetrate the liver cells;
- in liver asexual multiplication (schizogony) lasts 5-16 days;
- Schizonts rupture and release merozoites
what is released in the primary exoerythrocytic cycle, and what organ cells will they infect and thus induce
merozoites
reinfect liver cells and start secondary exoerythrocytic cycle
plasmodia - erythrocytic cycle
merozoites invade red blood cells - the erythrocytes;
asexual reproduction continues (erythrocytic schizogony);
immature trophozoite -> mature trophozoite
replicate via schizogony (schizont) then schizont ruptures
the newly released merozoites reinfect other red blood cells (5);
plasmodia sporogonic cycle
- female cell the macrogamete, male cell microgamete (division);
- after fertilization the motile zygote (oökinete) penetrates the stomach wall;
- where it forms an oöcyst - this undergoes meiotic and mitotic division (sporogony);
- The oocyst ruptures releasing the slender sporozoites, which migrate to the mosquito salivary glands.
schizogony
multiple fission, numerous daughter cells by mitosis within the hosts cells and newly produced cell rupture the host cell and hundreds are released
budding
a smaller and larger cell are produced by mitosis
longitudinal fission
2 equal size daughter cells by mitosis
describe what occurs during the incubation period before signs of malaria arise
incubation period before clinical signs of malaria usually involves 2 exoerythrocytic and 1 or 2 erythrocytic cycles;
can take place every 48 hours or 72 hours
how do plasmodium species reproduce sexually
later merozoites produce sexual gametocytes - no more development;
an uninfected Anopheline mosquito takes infected blood;
in the mosquito stomach the gametocytes become mature male and female gametes
leads to sporogonic cycle
sporogonic cycle
female cell the macrogamete, male cell microgamete (division);
after fertilization the motile zygote (oökinete) penetrates the stomach wall;
forms an oöcyst - meiotic and mitotic division occurs (sporogony - make multiple sporozoites confined in oocyst until oocyst ruptures)
The oocyst ruptures releasing the slender sporozoites, which migrate to the mosquito salivary glands.
