DDT 15 - Healthcare Associated Infection Flashcards
what is an healthcare associated infection
When a person contracts an infection while receiving medical treatment in a hospital, an outpatient clinic, nursing home or other healthcare setting.
why are HAIs more common nowadays
Improved detection methods
Greater awareness
Increased population of high risk patients
Increased resistance to antibiotics
risk factors for HAI
hospitalisation for more than2 days
residence in nursing home
home infusion therapy
home wound care
Risk factors for infection with drug-resistant bacteria
antimicrobial therapy
hospitalisation for more than 5days
immunosuppression
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
where does MRSA live in the body
on skin and nasal cavity
where IN THE BODY can MRSA cause a serious infection
Can cause serious infection to the heart, bones and bloodstream
when does MRSA cause an infection in the body?
Can cause infection if break in the skin e.g. cut or wound, leads to boils, pimples.
General Staph. aureus respond to what kind of antibiotics
General Staph. aureus strains respond to penicillin based antibiotics
how is MRSA contracted?
Spread by person to person contact particularly from unwashed hands .
Can also be acquired from contaminated surfaces.
what kind of antibiotic is MRSA resistant to?
MRSA is resistant to penicillin based antibiotics such as flucoxacillin and other antibiotics, limits treatment options
what patients are at risk of being infected with MRSA
Patients are at increased risk of MRSA if they are on drips, drains, have open wounds, or have weakened immune systems – allows entry of bacteria from the skin to the interior of the body
What chronic health condition increase risk of MRSA infection?
People with chronic conditions such as diabetes, cancer, vascular disease, and lung disease are also at increased risk.
what are the symptoms of MRSA infection through skin wound and pneumonia
If MRSA is causing an infection in a wound, that area of your skin may be red or tender, boils, abscesses. If you have pneumonia, you may develop a cough.
VRE
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
a type of bacteria called enterococci that have developed resistance to many antibiotics, especially vancomycin
what type of bacteria is VRE
Enterococcus
where is VRE found in the body
in the intestine and skin
common sites of infections of VRE
intestines, the
urinary tract, and
wounds
common symptoms of VRE infection
Wound - red or tender
Urinary tract infection - back pain, a burning sensation when you urinate,
or a need to urinate more often than usual.
Some patients may have diarrhea, feel weak and sick, or have fever and
chills.
physical determinants that are high risk for HAIs
Use and maintenance of medical devices, such as catheters and ventilators
Complications following surgical procedures
Transmission between patients and health care workers
Other issues that increase risk of HAIs
Contaminated air conditioning systems
Disproportionate nurse-to-patient ratio
Physical layout of the health care facility (for example, open beds close together)
combating HAIs
Proper education and training of health care workers increases
compliance with and adoption of best practices to prevent HAIs.
Minimise risk factos
increase hygiene control procedures in outpatient clinics
excellent sterilization and disinfection practices
