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DDT > DDT 13 - Structure and Funciton of Bacteria Cell > Flashcards

DDT 13 - Structure and Funciton of Bacteria Cell Flashcards

1
Q

size range of bacteria

A

1-10 µm in length

0.2-2µm in diameter

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2
Q

3 basic shapes of bacteria

A

rod shaped -bacillus
round shape - coccus
spiral - spirillus

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3
Q

are bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells and what does that mean

A

prokaryotic cells

lack membrane enclosed organelles - no nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts

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4
Q

example of bacillus bacteria

A

salmonella

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5
Q

example of coccus bacteria

A

micrococcus - found in skin

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6
Q

example of spirillus bacteria

A

sprioplasma

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7
Q

what features do ALL bacterium have

A

cytoplasm
ribosomes
plasma membrane
nucleoid containing DNA

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8
Q

Describe cytoplasm in bacteria and its function

A

dense and contains ribosomes and storage granules that hold glycogen, lipid or phosphate compounds

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9
Q

Describe nucleoid in bacteria

A

bacteria contain a single, circular, double-helical strand of DNA containing between

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10
Q

how many genes are in nucleoid in DNA

A

3,000 - 6,000 genes within the cytoplasm.

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11
Q

Describe plasmid and its function

A

small circular, double stranded DNA molecule

Carries genes separate from the main DNA of cell, usually genes that are of a selective benefit to the bacterium

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12
Q

what features of the bacteria are similar to the human and what are different

A

ribosomes - same 2 subunits that makeup ribosomes - contain protein and RNA
different subunit composition
Like humans - DNA are tightly packed but don’t contain histones

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13
Q

how does one resistant bacteria transfer its resistance to sensitive bacteria

A

send copy of plasmid through conjugation bridge
Resistant bacterium is in close contact with sensitive bacterium
copy of plasmid in resistant bacterium is made and conjugation bridge is formed
Plasmid copy is transferred through conjugation bridge

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14
Q

describe capsule and its function in bacteria

A

thick sticky gelatinous layer made of polysaccharides
prevent phagocytosis
More difficult for macrophages to undergo phagocytosis because its sticky and to stimulate an immune response

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15
Q

describe flagellum and its function

A

anchored through all layers of bacteria by protein rings
3 parts - basal body, hook - propeller allows filament to move/rotate, filament
allow movement

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16
Q

describe pili

A

hair like appendage
ordinary pili - clump bacteria together
sex pili - transfer genetic info

17
Q

2 types of bacteria cell walls

A

gram positive

gram negative

18
Q

describe gram positive cell wall

A

peptidoglycan - Think|
/
plasma membrane|

19
Q

describe gram negative cell wall

A

thicker outer membrane
peptidoglycan
plasma membrane

20
Q

dyes and stains used to test cell wall type of bacteria

A

crystal violet
iodine
alcohol
safranin

21
Q

describe how penicillin works against gram positive bacteria

A

+ive depends on thick layer
penicillin destroys layer - inhibits enzyme involved in peptidoglycan synthesis – Gram positive bacteria more susceptible

22
Q

what colour does Gram positive bacteria go

A

purple

23
Q

what colour does Gram negative bacteria go

A

pink

24
Q

function of endospores

A

bacteria in dormant state

will activate when conditions are favourable to grow and multiply

25
Q

when do endospores form and how do they form

A

in unfavourable condition s

plasma membrane then 2 spore septums surround endospores

26
Q

example of endospore

A

tetanus

27
Q

binary fission

A

one bacterial genome
duplicate genetic material
septum forms between genetic info and clone
cells pinch in 2 and separate

28
Q

how long can bacteria reproduce

A

in 20 minutes

29
Q

3 types of bacteria DNA exchange

A

Transformation
Conjugation
Transduction

30
Q

how does bacteria transfer DNA via transformation

A

Fragments of DNA are taken in after the disruption of another cell.

31
Q

how does bacteria transfer DNA via conjugation

A

Two cells exchange genetic material via a sex pilus.
conjugation pilus form
cells come in contact w/ each other
one strand of plasmid move to sensitive cell
both donor and recipient form complementary strand of plasmid to be F+

32
Q

how does bacteria transfer DNA via transduction/horizontal gene transfer

A

Genes are carried from one cell to another by a virus called a bacteriophage
DNA of phage/virus penetrate bacteria cell
phage DNA can integrate w/ host’s DNA = prophage
becomes lytic - DNA is degraded and new phages are made
cell wall is ruptured - phages ready in penetrate other bacteria

33
Q

detailed recount of transformation in bacteria

A

uptake of DNA fragments or plasmid from environment from dead bacteria
in plasmid usually just stable transformation of plasmid
in DNA fragments - it can be unsuccessful and degrade

DDT (21 decks)

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