Day 7 - Cancer, Neurological Conditions Flashcards
Complex focal seizure
Erratic electrical activity occurs in a specific area of the brain and does not spread; but consciousness becomes impaired
Absence seizure
There is widespread erratic electricity in the brain. The patient will lose awareness and may look blank. The patient may look as though they are daydreaming, might flutter eyes lids or stare blankly
Tonic clonic seizure
There is a complete and widespread full erratic electrical discharge across the brain. The patient will become still and if standing will fall to the ground. Secondly the limbs will start to jerk rapidly and violently. The patient may be incontinent or bite their tongue
What is the cause of a febrile convulsion?
Inflammatory response causing electrical discharge in neurons
What medical condition will require emergency management if they have more than 3 seizures in a row without recovery between them or has been fitting for more than 10 minutes?
Status epilepticus
A patient has a cancer staged using the TNM system. The cancer is described as T1N1M1 which is described as?
The tumour is smaller than 2cm, has spread to the lymph nodes on the same side of the body (mobile) and the cancer has metastasised to other parts of the body
Evading apoptosis
Hallmark of cancer - normal cells have a life limited time at which they are signalled to die, particularly when damage occurs to the DNA and chromosomes inside the cells. The signal causes the cell to disintegrate, and components undergo phagocytosis. Cancer cells have the ability to ignore this signal
Inducing angiogenesis
Cells of the body need an adequate blood supply for oxygen and nutrients. Normally the blood supply for cells is established as an embryo. Therefore, cancer cells need the ability to grow blood cells in order to supply dividing cancer cells and tumours with oxygen and nutrients
