Day 5 Mock Exam Paper

Question 1

Hypovolaemia would be concerned with what type of cause in acute kidney injury?

Answer 1

Prerenal kidney injury

Question 2

What best describes chronic kidney disease?

Answer 2

Irreversible, long-term condition

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily released from the kidney, in response to low blood pressure?

Answer 3

Renin

Question 4

What is a common microvascular complication associated with diabetes?

Answer 4

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 5

How does Angiotensin II increase blood pressure?

Answer 5

• Vasoconstriction
• Aldosterone secretion from the cortex of the adrenal glands - increased sodium reabsorption (in the proximal tubule) – water follows
• Increased ADH secretion – increases water reabsorption

Question 6

List the organs involved in the Renin-Aldosterone-Angiotensin

Answer 6

System (RAAS)
Kidneys, liver and lungs

Question 7

Describe the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 7

Type 1 Diabetes
- Autoimmune destruction of beta-cells
- Inflammatory condition, beta cell fibrosis, lack of insulin release
- Treated with insulin
- Not reversible
- Early onset/childhood

Type 2 Diabetes
- Insulin resistance
- Failure of beta-cells to keep up with demand of glucose intake
- Can be reversed/treated (early) with diet and
exercise changes
- May be treated with medication (accepted
named medication eg: Metformin, Gliclizide)
- Later life / caused by lifestyle