Day 3 Mock Exam Paper

Question 1

Asthma is a chronic disorder of the airways that causes?

Answer 1

Episodes of airway obstruction, Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, Airway inflammation

Question 2

Bronchiolitis normally occurs in what age group?

Answer 2

Under 2 years

Question 3

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) what does not occur?

Answer 3

Alter carbon dioxide level leading to hypocapnia

Question 4

What groups of people are most at risk of developing sepsis?

Answer 4

The very young – under one year
The older people – over 75 years
People who are very frail or live with chronic condition/s (e.g. kidney disease)
People who have impaired immune systems because of illness or drugs
Women who are pregnant, have given birth or had a termination of pregnancy or miscarriage in the past six weeks
People post trauma or surgery within past 6/52
People who are hospitalised, especially in intensive care

Question 5

Define ‘shock’ and name the five types of shock

Answer 5

Shock can be defined as any situation that leads to a failure of the circulatory system to perfuse organs, tissues and cells in the body. Reduced tissue perfusion means that oxygen and nutrients are not reaching the tissues to meet demand and consequently cells, tissues and organs begin to fail.
Reduced tissue perfusion regardless of cause can result in shock, organ failure and death.

Cardiogenic shock
Hypovolemic shock
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock

Question 6

Discuss the differences between emphysema and chronic bronchitis pathophysiology

Answer 6

Emphysema
- Destruction of the alveoli
- Loss of surface area, reducing gas exchange
- Loss of muscular surface prevents movement of air in the alveoli
- Causes inflammatory and immune responses causing alveolar walls to break down

Chronic bronchitis
- Damage to the bronchus and bronchioles
- Cellular damage – inflammation
- Swelling exudate
- Bronchoconstriction
- Bronchospasm,
- Hypertrophy of goblet cells