Day 1 - Fundamentals Of Pathophysiology

Question 1

Which type of cellular communication uses neurotransmitters as the signalling molecule?

Answer 1

Nerve signalling

Question 2

What type of cellular signalling might involve inflammatory mediators to communicate from a signalling cell to a receptor cell?

Answer 2

Local signalling

Question 3

The scientific study of the causes or origin of disease is known as?

Answer 3

Aetiology

Question 4

What is apoptosis?

Answer 4

At all times our cells only have a short lifespan and they are programmed to die or commit suicide at the end of their natural cell life. The cell membrane starts to bleb and pieces of cellular organelles are removed in the blebs. The inflammatory cells such as macrophages and other phagocytic cells will digest and remove this debris. Although sometimes called programmed cell death the process may be stimulated prematurely by other stimuli.

Question 5

All diseases occur as a result of?

Answer 5

Injury to cells

Question 6

Mortality

Answer 6

The number of deaths from a disease in a patient population

Question 7

Pandemic

Answer 7

A condition which spreads across a large region or worldwide

Question 8

Convalescence

Answer 8

A period of recuperation and recovery from disease

Question 9

Acute

Answer 9

A disease which occurs suddenly and progresses quickly

Question 10

Epidemiology

Answer 10

A distribution of a disease within a population or area

Question 11

In regards to cellular adaption hyper trophy refers to?

Answer 11

Enlargement of individual cells

Question 12

What is necrosis?

Answer 12

Injury or damage to a cell which may be reversible but in some cases it isn’t. If the damage is severe, it causes the cell membrane to rupture and the contents of the cell leak out. This may stimulate an inflammatory response.

Question 13

In cell adaptation, dysplasia refers to?

Answer 13

Disordered growth of cells

Question 14

Pathogenesis

Answer 14

The biological mechanism and process of disease development

Question 15

Congenital

Answer 15

A disease that is present from birth

Question 16

Aetiology

Answer 16

The cause/causes and manner of causation of a disease

Question 17

Chronic

Answer 17

A disease with long term impact and effects

Question 18

iatrogenic

Answer 18

A disease or condition caused by medical treatment or intervention

Question 19

What causes an inflammatory response?

Answer 19

Any injury or damage to cells

Question 20

What is the process of the release of inflammatory mediators?

Answer 20

Cellular damage or infection results in the release of chemicals such as histamine, cytokines, prostaglandins, interleukin, leukotrines and chemokines

Question 21

Which cells are most commonly associated with the release of histamine often associated with allergic disease?

Answer 21

Mast cells

Question 22

What is vascular response?

Answer 22

Associated with the symptoms of redness and warmth during this stage the release of inflammatory mediators results in vasodilation increased vascular permeability and outflow of fluid exudate

Question 23

What is the main role of the T-helper cell?

Answer 23

Activate specific B cells to respond to infection and produce antibodies