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Boards > Day 4 > Flashcards

Day 4 Flashcards

1
Q

4 NMDA Receptor Antagonist Illicit Drugs

A

Ketamine
DXM
PCP
Nitrous Oxide

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2
Q

Turner’s Syndrome (chromosome and result)

A

Missing sex chromosome, XO, so absent/minimal development of gonads/sex hormones
So female but no secondary sexual characteristics

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3
Q

Klinefelter’s (chromosome and result)

A

XXY
Male, but bc of second X, don’t have strong male characteristics
Underdeveloped gonads, infertile, +breast tissue

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4
Q

Myasthenia Gravis Mech

A

AI attack on postsynaptic nAch Rs on muscle

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5
Q

MG 3 “Dys” Sx

A

Diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and just general bulbar palsy/fatigue signs

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6
Q

DTRs in MG

A

Preserved

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7
Q

MG Tumor Association

A

10% associated w/ thymoma

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8
Q

MG 3 Diagnostic Studies

A

Edrophonium (Tensilon): short acting cholinergic, so relieves
EMG/Nerve Conduction: decreased amplitude on rapid repetitive muscle stimulation
Serum Ab Titers

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9
Q

MG Treatments (1 + other category)

A

Pyridostigmine, but can also use generalize immunosuppressive so like plasmapheresis, IVIG, steroids, azathioprine

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10
Q

Delirium EEG

A

Generalized slow activity consisting of delta and theta waves w/ focal areas of hyperactivity

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11
Q

Absence Seizures EEG

A

3-per-second spike and wave pattern

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12
Q

Gowers’ maneuver

A

Sign of muscular dystrophy, using hands to get up from seated position

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13
Q

Duchenne’s inheritance pattern / problem

A

AR, lack of dystrophin (muscle membrane protein)

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14
Q

Duchenne’s 4 sx + 1 lab finding

A 
Muscle weakness (greater proximally)
Diminished DTRs
ID in 1/3 of cases
Enlarged calf muscles due to fat infiltration
- Elevated CPK
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15
Q

Fetishistic Disorder

A

A person (usually male) gains sexual arousal from an inanimate object

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16
Q

Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis Other Associated Ds

A

Approx 25% have polymyalgia rheumatica

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17
Q

Temporal Arteritis Worst Complication

A

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

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18
Q

Temporal Arteritis Test: First and Gold-Standard

A
  1. ESR

Gold: Temporal artery biopsy

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19
Q

Temporal Arteritis Tx

A

Prednisone

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20
Q

SAH Work-Up

A

First CT, then, if negative, LP to look for CSF xanthochromia

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21
Q

Emil Kraepelin

A

Pioneered mental disorders have different outcomes: differentiated course of chronic schizophrenia from manic psychosis

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22
Q

Eugen Bleuler (2)

A

Renamed dementia praecox as schizophrenia and realized didn’t need to have deteriorating course

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23
Q

Heinz Kohut

A

Wrote about narcissism and self-psychology

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24
Q

Illness Anxiety D/o vs. Somatic Sx D/o

A

Illness anxiety: convinced have a disease despite negative w/u and reassurance from docs
Somatic Sx: 1+ somatic sx that are distressing or disrupt daily life, often w/ excessive thoughts/feelings/behaviors/anxiety/time

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25
Q

Cluster HAs demographics

A

Male, 20s-30s

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26
Q

Cluster HA Cyclical Pattern

A

Often spring or fall, 3-12 weeks

27
Q

Cluster HA Duration and Time of Day

A

Usually < 3 hours, nocturnal

28
Q

Cluster HA Trigger

A

ETOH Consumption

29
Q

Cluster HA Abortive Tx (3)

A

O2
Sumatriptan SubQ
Ergotamine

30
Q

Cluster HA Prophylactic Tx (5)

A 
Prednisone
Verapamil
Depakote
Methysergide
Lithium
31
Q

Methylphenidate CYP

A

1A2, so will increase clozapine, TCAs, prob olanzapine

32
Q

SSRI Hyponatremia Mech

A

SIADH

33
Q

Dermatomyositis (2 sx, lab finding, biopsy, and association)

A

Muscle weakness and purplish skin rash on face/eyelids/joints
Elevated CPK
Bx: Perifascicular atrophy and “ghost fibers”
Associated w/ neoplasm in 50%

34
Q

Polydipsia Intoxication Sx (7)

A 
Tremor
Ataxia
Restlessness
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Polyuria
Eventually stupor
35
Q

Schizophrenia Prodrome Prognostically

A

Longer, more insidious prodrome associated w/ worse prognosis.
Acute onset = better prognosis

36
Q

Sleep Stages in Depression (5)

A 
Decreased REM Latency
Increased REM concentration
Increased length of first REM sleep
Decreased Stage IV Sleep
Increased awakening during 2nd half of night
37
Q

AD Apolipoprotein Problem Allele (& Chr)

A

Homozygosity for E4 allele of Apo, on Chr 19

38
Q

Acute Stress Disorder vs. PTSD Timeframe

A

1 month

39
Q

Metabolic Concern in AN

A

Hypokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis (can lead to arrhythmias and sudden death)

40
Q

Social Anxiety D/o vs. Avoidant PD

A

SAD: Specific social situations invoke intense anxiety + fear of embarrassment/humiliation
Avoidant PD: Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. View self as personally unappealing and can also interfere w/ intimate relationships due to fear of shame/judgment

41
Q

Phenytoin Sfx (3 + 1 long-term)

A

Hirsutism
Facial dysmorphism
Gingival hypertrophy
Cerebellar atrophy long-term, w/ all associated sx

42
Q

Saturday Night Palsy

A

Radial nerve entrapment. Weakness of triceps/wrist+finger extensors/supinator. Might take 1-2 months to resolve

43
Q

Carpal Tunnel (nerve + test)

A

Median nerve entrapment

EMG/nerve conduction - delayed across wrist

44
Q

Sodium oxybate (Xyrem)

A

FDA approved for cataplexy associated w/ narcolepsy. Essentially GHB (wtf?)

45
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Duration Requirement

A

6 mo

46
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 6 Associated Sx

A 
Poor sleep
Muscle pain
HAs
Impaired memory/concentration
Joint pain
Postexertive malaise > 24h
47
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Improvement

A

Lying down

48
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Associated Ds

A

Depression 80%

49
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Treatment (2)

A

Graded exercise therapy and CTB

50
Q

Sex Play Onset

A

Can start before puberty

51
Q

Fragile X Appearance (5)

A 
Long ears
Narrow face
Short stature
Hyperextendable Joints
Macroorchidism
52
Q

FAS Face Characteristics (7)

A 
Epicanthal folds
Short palpebral fissures
Flat/low nasal bridge
Short/upturned nose
Smooth philtrum
Thin upper lip
"Railroad track" ears
53
Q

Depakote and Lamotrigine CYP Interaction

A

Depakote inhibitor of 3A4, so super increased levels of lamotrigine

54
Q

Selegiline MAO Selectivity

A

Selectively MAO-B at lower doses

55
Q

GI Tract MAO

A

MAO-A

56
Q

Cocaine Long-Term NT Effect

A

Hypodopaminergic state (bc blocks reuptake, so decreased recycling), can last for > 1 yr after d/c

57
Q

4 DA Agonists

A

Pergolide
Bromocriptine
Ropinirole
Pramipexole

58
Q

Buspirone Mech

A

5HT 1A Partial Agonist

59
Q

SGA with SNRInhibition

A

Ziprasidone

60
Q

2 Rs blocked by all SGAs

A

D2

5HT 2A

61
Q

Serotonergic Cell Bodies Site

A

Raphe nuclei, primarily in pons

62
Q

Wilson’s Ds 5 Neurologic Sx

A 
Parkinsonism
Flapping tremor
Dystonia
Ataxia
Bulbar Signs (dysphagia/dysarthria)
63
Q

Wilson’s Ds Chromosome Association

A

Chr 13

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