Day 3 Flashcards by Patrick Robbins

Operant Conditioning Creator

Skinner

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Social Learning Theory (creator and theory)

Bandura: We learn through modeling others and interaction

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Attribution Theory

People are more likely to attribute their own behavior to situational causes, and the behavior of others to personality traits

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Hull Theory

Neurophysiology studies, developed “drive reduction” theory of learning

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Seligman Theory

Learned helplessness

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Kandel Theory

Habituation and sensitization (in snails)

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Absence Seizures Treatment (1st and 2nd line)

1st: Ethosuximide
2nd: VPA

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Phenytoin Seizure Types

Partial and generalized tonic-clonic

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Narcolepsy Definition

Irresistible attacks of refreshing daytime sleep that occur at least 3x/week for 3+ months

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Narcolepsy Lab Association

Low levels of CSF hypocretin (orexin)

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REM Sleep in Narcolepsy

Intrudes into sleep-wake transition, creating hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations + sleep paralysis

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Modafinil MOA

Nonstimulant, acts on histamine neurons in RAS in pons

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2 General NT Categories involved in Induction of Aggression

Cholinergic and catacholaminergic

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3 Specific NTs involved in inhibiting aggression

5HT
GABA
Glycine

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Best Way to Prevent Extinction in Operant Conditioning

Giving positive reinforcement intermittently and variably

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3 Classic Neurologic Features of Tuberous Sclerosis

ID, seizures, behavioral problems

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3 Cutaneous Features of Tuberous Sclerosis

Ash leaf spot (hypomelanotic macule)
Adenoma sebaceum (facial angiofibromas)
Shagreen spots (irregularly shaped, often raised/textured lesions on flank or back)

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Ocular Feature of Tuberous Sclerosis

Retinal hamartomas

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2 Neuropathologic Features of Tuberous Sclerosis

Cortical hamartomas and subependymal nodules

Tuberous Sclerosis Inheritance Pattern

Physical Change in Rett’s

Deceleration of head growth from 5m - 4y

NF1 Other Name and Chromosome

von Recklinghausen’s (Chromosome 17 bc 17 letters in that horrible name)

NF1 3 Cutaneous Features

Cafe au lait spots
Axillary freckling
Subcutaneous neurofibromas

NF1 Ocular Feature

Pigmented iris hamartomas (Lisch nodules)

NF1 3 Neurogrowths

Optic nerve glioma Neurofibromas Schwannomas

NF2 Chromosome

NF2 Cutaneous Lesions

Few

Primary Thing in NF2

Bilateral vestibular schwannomas

Williams Syndrome Mutation/Inheritence Pattern

AD, deletion on 7q11-23

4 Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Donepezil Tacrine Galantamine Rivastigmine

Most Common Sfx of Cholinesterase Inhibitors

GI: n/v/d

Memantine MOA

NMDA antagonist, slows Ca influx into cells

Trail-Making Test

Executive function, A-1-B-2-C-3 etc etc

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

Executive functioning/abstract reasoning/flexibility in problem solving Sort cards by an unknown rule (shape, color, #, etc), only by positive or negative feedback

Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (2 purposes)

Helps identify location of brain lesions + differentiates between brain damaged vs. neurologically intact

Sumatriptan Contraindication (& why)

Coronary ischemic heart disease/uncontrolled HTN, bc potent 5HT 1B and 1D Rs, which can theoretically vasoconstriction/vasospasm

Cigarette Smoking P450 Action (2 drugs and 1 class affected)

Induces 1A2, decreasing clozapine, olanzapine, and TCA bioavailability

Best Predictor of Future Risk of Suicide

Previous attempts

Gerstmann's Syndrome (lesion location + classic tetrad)

``` L Parietal Lobe Acalculia Agraphia (w/o alexia) R/L Confusion Finger agnosia ```

Risperidone and Pituitary Adenomas

Can increase their volume through its tuberoinfundibular blockade?

Amok

Malaysian Cultural Syndrome: sudden rampage, can end in suicide/homicide, ending in exhaustion or amnesia

Koro

Delusion in Asian males who believe penis will disappear into abdomen and cause death

Piblokto

Female Eskimos of N. Greenland: anxiety/depression/confusion/depersonalization/derealization, ends in stuporous sleep/amnesia

Wihtigo

Delusional fear in Native Americans of being turned into a cannibal through possession of a supernatural monster, the Wihtigo

Mal de ojo

Mediterranean syndrome of vomiting, fever, and restless sleep, caused by the "evil eye"

Hoffman's Sign

Adduction of thumb w/ fast downward flick to middle/index finger. UE equivalent to Babinski, contralateral UMN lesion

2 Frontal Release Signs

Palmomental reflex: chin contracts as contralateral thenar eminence stroked Myerson's Sign: glabellar blinking reflex of closing eyes to forehead taps doesn't extinguish