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data analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is nominal data

A
  • Data represented in the form of categories, for example, how many students in 6th form drive to school, how many walk etc
  • Nominal data is discrete, one item can only appear in one category
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2
Q

What is ordinal data

A
  • Data which is ordered in some way e.g. ask everyone in the class how much they like 6th form on a scale from 1-10
  • Ordinal data doesn’t have equal intervals between each unit - it does not make sense to say that someone who rated the 6th form as an 8 enjoys it twice as much as someone who rated it a 4 (it does make sense to me but apparently that’s not okay :D)
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3
Q

Does ordinal data lack presicison

A

Yes, as it is based on subjective opinion (psychology questionnaires do not measure something ‘real’ as opposed to measuring height for example)
s ur saying my feelings aren’t real???
GET OUT OF MY HOUSE … NOW

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4
Q

What is interval data (not to be confused with internal woah no no no)

A

It is based on numerical scales that include units of equal precisely defined size (units of measurement for height, time and temperature for example)

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5
Q

What are the two types of data numerical can be

A

Discrete data or continuous

discreet … something avani is not

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6
Q

What is discrete data (this is where elishka would make her no one can see me face)

A

Discrete data is counted and is called discrete data because the units of measurement cannot be split up - it can only be exact measured: show size, rolls of a dice etc

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7
Q

What is continuous data (continuous? sign me up ;))

A

Continuous data is measured using a scale of measurement (yh it is .. the measurement of ma di-): height and distance
- Distance - has meaning at all points between the numbers given e.g. we can travel a distance of 1.2 and 1.85 and even 1.632 miles

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8
Q

What is the mean

A

I’m just kidding, you don’t need to know this ya smart cookies :))))

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9
Q

Okay so it wanted u to know what the medians and the mode so just talk amongst yourselves to understand what they are and that’s it ur good and now for some famous sturniolo quotes….

A
  • A RAT BIGGEST RAT IVE EVER SEEN
  • GET ME MY STAFFFFF
  • WHO IS HE?? IS HE MEE?? FUCK NOOO
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10
Q

Give some advantages for the mean

A
  • It is s a very sensitive statistic because it takes account of the exact distance between all the values of the data
  • It is representative of all the data
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11
Q

Give some disadvantages for the mean

A
  • If one of the values is extremely high or low (anamolous) then the overall mean can be very distorted and therefore misrepresent the data
  • It cannot be used with nominal data
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12
Q

Give some advantages of the median

A
  • It is not affected by extreme scores so can be useful under such circumstances
  • It is easy to calculate
  • It is not distorted by any anomalous values - that’s a funny word … anomalous sounds like where nemo lives innit
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13
Q

Give some disadvantages for the median

A
  • It is less ‘sensitive’ than the mean because the exact values are not reflected in the median
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14
Q

Give some advantages for the mode

A
  • Unaffected by extreme values and is useful for discrete data and is the only method which can be used for nominal data
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15
Q

Give some disadvantages for the mode

A
  • Sometimes there are so many modes that the data cannot be described using this statistic
    boi just cannot keep up - which is the case with many many men
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16
Q

What are the measures of central tendency (what are these words ffs)

A
  • Mean
  • Median
  • Mode
  • And ur mummn
17
Q

What are some measures of dispersion

A
  • Range
  • Standard deviation
  • and ur mummmmm
18
Q

Give some advantages for the range

A
  • Easy to calculate so avani can calculate it yessss
19
Q

Give some disadvantages for the range

A
  • ffected by extreme values
  • It fails to take into account the distribution of the numbers, for example, it doesn’t indicate whether most numbers are closely grouped around the mean or spread out evenly
20
Q

Give some advantages of standard deviaion

A

Precise measure of dispersion because it takes into account all the values

21
Q

Give some disadvantages of standard deviation

A

It may hide some of the characteristics of the data set (e.g. extreme values)

22
Q

What things do you have to keep in mind about observations

A
  • must be adequate data sampling to ensure that a representative sample of participant’s behaviour is seen
  • language must be accurate and appropriate and have valid operationalised definitions
  • researcher bias must be avoided (jeez sounds like petty yr 8 arguments, yOU muSt bE AVoiDeD AT alL CosTS
23
Q

Why is context important in interviews

A

The situation in which participant says something and the way they are behaving could be important - context could help the interviewer to understand why something was said and the honesty of the statement

24
Q

Why is a selection of data important in interviews

A

It can be difficult to summarise and the interviewee (wheeeeeeee) could be consulted about what to include and how to present it

25
Q

What is a case study

A

An in-depth study using a range of methods on one person or a small group. Because it uses a range of different research methods, this increases reliability by the process of triangulation

26
Q

Give some strengths of case studies

A
  • Rich data (the data do be ballinnnn) - researchers have the opportunity to study rare phenomena in a lot of detail
  • Unique cases - can challenge existing ideas and theories and make suggestions for future research
27
Q

Give some weaknesses of case studies

A
  • Casual relationships - cause and effect be established
  • Generalisation
  • Ethics - informed consent
28
Q

What is a bar chart (elishkaaaa??? take the floor babes - im just kinda assuming u do these in maths lmao. we also do them in bio but no one need to know dat)

A
  • Used to represent ‘discrete data’ where the data is in catagories which are placed on the x axis
  • The mean or frequency is on the y axis
  • Columns do not touch and have equal width and spacing
29
Q

What is a scattergram (elishkkaaaaaaa again babes :D)

A
  • Used for measuring the relationship between two variables
  • Data from one variable is presented on the x-axis while the other is presented on the y-axis
  • We plot an x on the graph where the two variables meet
  • The patten of plotted points reveals different types of correlation (e.g. positive/negative/none)
30
Q

What is a histogram

A
  • Used to represent data on a ‘continuous’ scale
  • Columns touch because each one forms a single score (interval) on a related scale e.g. time - number of hours of hw students do each work
  • Scores (intervals) are placed on the x axis
  • The hight of the column shows the frequency of values e.g. the number of students in each interval - this goes on the y axis
31
Q

What is a line graph

A
  • Can be used as an alternative to the histogram
  • Lines show where mid-points of each column on a histogram would reach
  • Particularly useful for comparing two or more conditions simultaneously

psychology (27 decks)

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