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biological approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the biological approach overall??

A

The biological approach combines psychology and biology to provide psychological explanations for human behaviour

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2
Q

What are neurochemicals

A

Relating to chemicals in the brain that regulate psychological/physiological functioning

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3
Q

What are the psychologists studying the biological approach interested in?

A

They’re trying to determine and provide evidence for the extent to which behaviours, or a characteristic such as intelligence are the product of inheritance (genes), or environmental influences

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4
Q

What are some of the methods for investigating the genetic basis of behaviour

A
  • twin studies
  • family studies
  • adoption studies
  • selective breeding
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5
Q

Describe why twin studies are an investigation of the genetic basis of behaviour

A

Monozygotic (MZ) - one zygote in which twins are formed when a fertilised cell splits into two and forms two separate embryos
Dizygotic (DZ) - two zygotes in which twins are formed when two separate eggs both become fertilised by different sperm cells

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6
Q

What are concordance rates

A

This refers to the extent to which a pair of twins share similar traits of characteristics

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7
Q

What are family studies

A

Any resemblance between family relatives could be a result of genes

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8
Q

What did Galton say and when to slightly back up family studies?

A

1869 - ‘all natural abilities are inherited’ - but he later had to agree that any resemblance between the relatives could be genes or a shared environment

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9
Q

What are adoption studies

A

These studies involve comparing a trait or characteristic between adopted children and their biological or adopted parents

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10
Q

What is selective breeding

A

This method involves artificially selecting male and female animals for a particular trait and then these animals are then put together in order to breed and produce offspring

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11
Q

What is a factor that is inherited through genes?

A

Intelligence is an example of a study that suggests that certain behaviours are genetically determined

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12
Q

What has selective breeding shown?

A

That a number of behavioural characteristics for example aggression can have a genetic basis

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13
Q

What is the difference between genes and the observable characteristics (phenotype and genotype)

A

Genes only determine the potential for characteristics (genotype) whereas the observable characteristics of an individual depend on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors(phenotype)

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14
Q

Quick question: Homozygous and heterozygous what genes do they entail?

A

Homo (hahaaa) - Bb (different)
Hetero (like elishka…. not for margot) - BB

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15
Q

How are identical twins a good example of interaction between inheritance and environment

A
  • They have the same genetic makeup and they look alike but they possess different phenotypes
  • Twins are genetically the same - any differences you may see between them such as personality and tastes are due to differences in their experience of environment
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16
Q

What were the two main concepts in Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory

A
  • natural selection
  • sexual selection
17
Q

What is natural selection

A

-Animals with particular traits that provide them will an advantage are more likely to adapt and survive and pass on those surviving characteristics to their children

18
Q

What is natural selection

A

-Animals with particular traits that provide them will an advantage are more likely to adapt and survive and pass on those surviving characteristics to their children

19
Q

What are the three principles for animals adapting to the environment

A
  • the principle of diversity: the variety within a species
  • the principle of interaction: which is how this variety of species adapt and fit in with the environment e.g. animals that breathe air wouldn’t be able to live underwater permanently
  • the principle of differential amplification: those who adapt to their environment will reproduce and those that do not will die out

HAVE FUN LEARNING THAT- AND YES I AM MOCKING YOU THROUGH THE SCREEN :))

20
Q

What is sexual selection

A
  • males have abundance of sperm and can reproduce with as many females as they wish
  • females however, are limited by the amount of eggs she produces and the fact that she has to carry the baby for 9 months and then raise it until the age of 18
  • females therefore will be more particular about who fathers their children due to the investment they have to make
21
Q

What are the research methods used for this approach?

A

The most common methods include laboratory experiments and observations and objective brain recording and scanning techniques are also used

22
Q

Who was Phineas Gage and when was his accident

A

1848
Rod through the head, personality changes

23
Q

What is a PET scan?

A

Positron emission tomography - shows which pattern of the brain are active during a task

24
Q

What is a CAT scan

A

Detects damaged parts of the brain, tumors and blood clots

25
Q

What is an MRI scan

A

Detects small tumors and provides detailed information about structure

26
Q

What is an fMRI scan

A

Structural and functional information

27
Q

What is a SQUID magnetometry

A

Produces accurate images of brain activity by measuring the magnetic fields generated when neurones are activated

28
Q

What is a strength of this approach to do with science

A

This method is highly scientific and so leads to reliable data

29
Q

What is a strength of this approach to do with credence

A

This approach, due to its high scientific data, gives psychology and credence and establishes it as a respectable science

30
Q

What is a strength of this approach to do with ending suffering

A

This approach can lead to treatment and intervention for those who are suffering such as anti-depressants

31
Q

What is a strength of this approach to do with learning about the brain

A

Understanding how the abnormal brain works can shed light on normal brain functionality

32
Q

What is a strength of this approach to do with machinery

A

There will be more accurate and precise measurements

33
Q

What is a limitation of this approach to do with free will

A

This approach states we have no free will, it believes we are determined by out physiological, genetic or evolutionary makeup

34
Q

How is this approach reductionist?

A

By stating that all human behaviour can be explained through biological processes and we are therefore not unique as individuals

35
Q

What is a limitation of this approach to do with environment

A

Biological approach ignores the role of the environment as it should be used in combination which is known as the biosocial approach

36
Q

What is a limitation of this approach which is to do with rare conditions

A

The conditions looked at in this research may focus on rare conditions that have little impact on the everyday lives of most people

37
Q

What is a limitation to do with complex machinery

A

the complex machinery which provides ‘accurate readings’ may be operated by a human and so may be subjective to human error

psychology (27 decks)

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