DAT Destroyer O Chem Flashcards by brock rose

What is the tollens reagent

Ag(NH3)2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the tollens reagent Ag(NH3)2

they are oxidizing agents that convert aldehydes to acids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the equation for double bond equivalents

(2C + 2 - H - X + N) / 2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what reaction is caused by
PCC
——->
CH2Cl2

the oxidation of alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a grignard reagent

an RMgX

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does a grignard reagent do

the R group Nu attacks the Carbonyl carbon and attaches, forming an alcohol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an azeotrope

an azeotrope is a constant boiling mixture that is made up of substances in a certain ratio that simple distillation cannot separate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do radicals usually add

the most substituted carbon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how is conversion from glucose to fructose started

removal of the alpha H

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a solvolysis reaction

when the solvent acts as a nucleophile

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which has higher boiling points alcohols or ethers

alcohols

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a constitutional isomer

same formula, different connectivity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do electron withdrawing groups do to adjacent bases

make them less basic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which is more basic a lone pair in an sp3 or sp2 orbital

the lone pair in the sp3 orbital

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does ___ do
RCl
—–>
AlCl3

it adds the R (at least to benzene)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does ____ do to a primary alkane
K2Cr2O7
————->
H3O+

converts it to a carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does Br2/FeBr3 do

adds bromine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does _____ do to benzene
HNO3
——–>
H2SO4

adds a nitro group

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are activating groups (electron donators)

2HN- (How nice of you to donate)

OH (OH, you need some money)
OR (OR i can give you food)
R (Really, I’ll give you money
aryl groups (Plate of food - its an aromatic group)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are deactivating groups (electron withdrawers)

carbonyls
SO3H (SO! I ain't giving you money)
Cyanide (CN) is CNister
NO2 (You want money, NO!)
NR3 (No really, I'm not givin you money)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

acivators and deactivators = o,p,m directors

Activators are OP directors

Deactivators are M directors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does _______ do
I 2 excess
————–>
Oh-

it’s the haloform reaction

it removes a CH3 from a methyl ketone, replacing it with an O- group

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is heat of combustion

the heat required to break down the molecule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does a high heat of combustion = less stability

because it does

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which has a higher heat of combusiton, the more or less substituted alkane

the less

What is the product of the claisen condensation

an anhydride

what does the dieckmann condensation do

cyclizes half of a diester

what kinds of molecules would easily be converted into a grignard reagent

those without acidic protons

what is the product of a benzylacid chloride and a benzoic acid

an anhydride with two benzyl groups

what does CH3CHOOOH do to alkenes

forms an epoxide

what does ______ do C2H5OH --------------> H+

the C2H5O- Nu attacks the more substituted carbon

What does ________ do TsCl ------> Pyr

the Ts replaces the H of an OH group (to be later replaced by another Nu)

how are bicyclo compounds named

1. bridghead recieves C1 | 2. Numbers in parentheses indicate how many carbons are between the two bridgeheads

what things give positive tests with Br2/CCl4 and cold dilute KMnO4

things with double bonds (benzene doesn't count, the double bonds are not normal due to resonance hybridization)

how many products can the chlorination of 2 methylbutane

6 (including stereoisomers)

``` which things favor which type of reaction Nucleophilic substitution Nucleophilic addition Electophilic addition electrophilic substitution ```

Esters and amides do Nu substitution Aldehydes and ketones do Nu addition alkenes and alkynes do electrophilic addition aromatic compounds usually do electrophilic substitution

What does _____ do LiAlH4, Et2O -------------------> H3O+

1. reduces aldehydes to primary alcohols 2. reduces ketones to secondary alcohols 3. esters into primary alcohols 4. carboxylic acids into primary alcohols 5. doesn't reduce double or triple bonds

what happens when you react an aldehyde with a amide

the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde double bonds to the Nitrogen of the amide

what does K2Cr2O7/H do to a secondary alcohol

turns it into a ketone

what does (R)3 P+ -CH2/ DMSO do to a carbonyl

replaces the O with the R group

what does B2H2, THF / H2O2, OH- do to a double bond

anti markovnikov addition of OH to the double bond

What does 1) CH3 MgBr / 2) H3O+ do with esters

2 moles of the grignard will react with it to form a tertiary alcohol

what is a lactone

a cyclic ester

What happens when an aldehyde is reacted with dilute acid or a base

if it has alpha hydrogens it will do aldol condensation

What will Cl2(excess) /OH- do to a carbonyl

it will replace all of the alpha hydrogens

When can heating carboxylic acids result in decarboxylation

only when you heat a beta-keto acid (a carboxylic acid on the beta carbon of a Ketone)

what kind of reaction is a double dehydrohalogenation

would R-CN be replaced by I- in a reaction

nope

What does a large sterically hindered base do to a carbonyl

it will remove the most accessable alpha H

if you have an acid with a pKa of 5, at pH 7 is it mostly the acid or the ion

ion

When do we create a carbocation

``` nitration sulfonation alkylation acylation halogenation ```

What happens when doing alkylation if you have 3 carbons or more in a linear fashion

it rearranges, and will bond a more substituted carbon

what does Br2/heat do when there is a C-h group off of a benzene ring

it will replace the benzylic H

what are exceptions to the rule that atoms bound to more electronegative atoms are electron withdrawing groups

``` NO = activating group Halogens = activating groups ``` Secondary and tertiary Amines are withdrawing groups even though they have less electronegative atoms after it

what does Zn(Hg)/HCL do to a carbonyl group

completely remove the carbonyl, turn it into CH2

what does 1) Sn, HCL/ 2) OH- do to a nitrobenzene

turns the nitro group into an amine (aniline)

why does Br2 and light, or NBS attack benzylic H's

because that creates the most stable radical

what do peroxide initiators do

allow one to create a polymer

what does Br2/CH2Cl2 do to a double bond

adds Br to both sides of the double bond (reduces it too)

What is the order of best to worst leaving groups amongst the halides

I>Br>Cl>F

What is 3 benzene groups attached to a P with a lone pair going to do to a alkyl halide

replace the halide. then it is deprotonated by a strong base (Li) this creates a witting reagent.

What does the witting reagent do to a carbonyl

replaces the C=O bond with C=R(of the wittig reagent)

what is the order of polarity | least to most

``` alkanes alkenes ethers esters aldehydes and ketones alcohols carboxylic acids ```

what would H3O+ do to a lactone

lacone is a cyclic ester | it cuts it and OH adds to the carboxylic acid

what does the jones reagent do to alcohols

turns them into aldeydes and ketones

what do electron withdrawing groups do to acidity

increase it

what happens to amides when reacting with water

the NH group will be replaced by O- in basic conditions | the NH group will be replaced by OH in acidic conditions