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DAT Destroyer biology Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA microarray technology allow one to do

A

examine many genes and determine which are expressed

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2
Q

What are monotremes

A

mammals that lay eggs

platypuses and echidnas , spiny anteaters

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3
Q

what is chitin

A
  1. a glucose polysaccharide with Nitrogen
  2. Makes up the exoskeleton of arthropods
  3. in the cell walls of many fungi
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4
Q

What do oubain and digitalis do

A

stop the sodium potassium pump

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5
Q

what does colchicine do

A

inhibits microtubule activity

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6
Q

what happens when you don’t have enough Iodine

A

the thyroid can’t produce thyroxin and triiodothyronine

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7
Q

what happens to filtration rate when the afferent and efferent arteriole’s vasonconstrict

A

when the afferent does filtration decreases

when the efferent does filtration increases

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8
Q

what is double fertilization

A

ONLY IN ANGIOSPERMS
1 sperm fertilizes the egg nucleus
2nd sperm fetilizes the central nuclei
(this creates a 3N endosperm nucleus)

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9
Q

What is the single metabolic pathway that will occur in all living cells

A

glycolysis

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10
Q

what cleavage makes identical twins possible

A

indeterminate cleavage (both halves are possible of becoming a viable embryo)

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11
Q

What causes the yellow skin seen in jaundice

A

excessive bilirubin (a bile pigment)

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12
Q

What are the rough projections on the tongue

A

papillae

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13
Q

what are the papillary muscles

A

cone shaped muscles of the heart

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14
Q

what is the ciliary muscles

A

the muscle of the eye that changes the lens shape

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15
Q

how many turns of the Calvin cycle produce glucose in photosynthesis

A

6

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16
Q

where are the calvin cycle enzymes

A

stroma of the chloroplast

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17
Q

what are the products of photosynthesis

A

O2, ATP, NADPH

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18
Q

what are echinoderms

A

starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers

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19
Q

are echinoderms segmented

A

nope

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20
Q

what is a stroke

A

death of nervous tissue in the brain

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21
Q

what is a hybridoma

A

a lymphocyte fused with a myeloma cell

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22
Q

order of abundace

RBC’s, WBC’s platelets

A

RBC’s > Plateletes > WBC

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23
Q

What is a myeloma

A

a cancer cell with the ability for indefinite growth

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24
Q

what are prostaglandins

A

modified fatty acids that induce fever, pain, and inflammation.

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25
what is Ecdysone
a hormone that is involved with insect molting and metamorphosis
26
during what trimester of pregnancy are organs formed
1st trimester
27
when do you start calling the embryo a fetus
8 weeks
28
how soon do many organ and limb buds begin to develop
5 weeks
29
when is a fetus most vulnerable to drugs and radiation
the first trimester
30
what are bacterial endospores, and what kind of bacteria can produce them
they are things that help bacteria build up resistance to hot, cold, chemicals, radiation, and other things Gram positive bacteria produce them
31
what is found in lymph nodes
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and macropahges
32
what percent of white blood cells and neutrophils
60
33
what are fixed action patterns
a coordinated response to specific environmental stressors. | spiders spin webs, animals flock together. (complex reflexes)
34
what percent of white blood cells are lymphocytes
30
35
what does the lymphatic system do
removes excess pathogens, dead blood cells, and cellular debris from cells and the spaces between them.
36
what is a biological cascade
a series of amplifying steps
37
what is catabolism
the breakdown of molecules
38
What is the first law of thermodynamics
the conservation of heat
39
What is the second law of thermodynamics
entropy of a system cannot decrease (conservation of entropy)
40
What is the third law of thermodynamics
the at K = 0 entropy = 0
41
What activates adenylyl cyclase
epinephrine
42
what does adenylyl cyclase do
ATP ----> cAMP
43
can vaccines be made from toxic byproducts of dangerous organisms
yep
44
what are attenuated vaccines
vaccines with a weakened or modified microbe. NOT a small portion of the actual microbe.
45
What is an organism that derives most or all of it's body heat from it's own metabolism
endotherms
46
What is an ectotherm
an organims that derives most of it's body heat from its surroundings
47
what is the sole purpose of the villi and microvilil
to increase surface area for absorption
48
where do sarcoma's happen
connective tissues
49
where do carcinoma's happen
epithelial tissues
50
what is the concentrated DNA at the centromeres and end of the chromosomes called
Satellite DNA
51
What is the place in the animal egg where the yolk is most concentrated
the vegetal pole
52
what is the place in the animal egg where the yolk is the least concentrated
the animal pole
53
When is the neural plate formed
when the some of the ectodermal cells elongate
54
What happens to the neural plate
it folds and becomes the neural tube. then it later becomes the brain and spinal cord
55
What is the Grey Crescent in animal eggs
it establishes the body axis, and is located on the side of the egg opposite the sperm penetration location
56
does the embryo increase in size during cleavage
nope
57
what phases of mitosis does the cleavage do
it does S and M phases, but skips G1 and G2
58
what are somites
segmented blocks of tissue that form on either side of the notocord. they can go on to produce the vertebra, or the muscles of the axial skeleton
59
are pines, spruces, and firs gymnosperms
yes
60
what is the dominant stage of the life cycle of mosses
the gametophyte
61
what are angiosperms
``` flowering plants (Oaks, maples, grasses) ```
62
what is the genes specific location along the length of a chromosomes
locus
63
What are the five types of leukocytes | most common and least common
``` Neutrophil Monocyte Lymphocyte Eosinophil Basophil ```
64
when is an isomerase enzyme used
to convert between isomers
65
What happens between deep and water layers throughout the seasons
``` summer: shallow = high in O2 deep = high in nutrients spring and autumn: shallow = high in nutrients deep = high in O2 ```
66
What is turnover
the cycling between O2 and nutrients in lakes and ponds with the seasonal changes
67
What is the function of somatostatin
supress the releases of GI hormones (gastrin, secretin, and CCK) this causes slower gastric emptying and reduced blood flow to the intestines
68
What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle
Flow phase proliferative phase secretory phase
69
When does menstruation begin
with the disintegration of the endometrium
70
what is ecological succession
when one community replaces another in a predictable manner
71
what are plant gametangia
the places in plants where gametes are produced
72
what is the female gametangia (place in plants where the egg is found)
the archegonia
73
what is the male gametangia (place in plants where the sperm is found)
antheridia
74
What are the two types of immunity
cell mediated and humoral
75
what is diapedesis
the way that white blood cells slip through the endothelium of blood vessels
76
what are detritivores
organisms that consume dead or decaying organic matter
77
who is the universal blood donor
O
78
who is the universal blood acceptor
AB
79
What is the order of biomes from highest to lowest
``` Tundra Tagia temperate dedacious forests scrub forest (chaparral) grassland desert tropical rain forest temperate rain forest ```
80
What is a multiple allele system
when more than two alleles exist for a gene locus (blood type)
81
What is epistasis
When the affect of one gene depends on the presence of one or more modifier genes one trait is affected by more than one gene
82
what is pleiotropy
when one gene affects multiple, unrelated traits
83
What is the function of the smooth ER
lipid synthesis and drug detoxification
84
What kind of cellular junction holds the cells strongly together and is abundent in epithelial cells
Desmosomes
85
what is the function of tight junctions
prevent fluid from passing between cells
86
what is the function of gap junctions
they directly connect two cells cytoplasm and allows for the passing of material
87
how do osteoblasts build bone
they deposit collagen and release calcium phosphate | the mineral hydroxyapeptite is also produced
88
what is hydroxyapeptite
a mineral that helps in bone construction
89
what is edward syndrome
trisomy 18
90
what is down syndrome
trisomy 21
91
what is klinefelter syndrone
sex chromosome trisomy
92
what is turner syndrome
monosomy (XO)
93
When are karyotypes taken
during metaphase because they are most condensed
94
What things are found in prokaryotes
ribosomes nucleic acids plasma membrane nucleoid
95
What things aren't found in prokaryotes
``` mitochondria golgi ER nucleus lysomes ```
96
what are the two sources of amylase
salivary glands and pancreas
97
what are the stages of spermatogenesis
``` spermatogonium (2N primary spermatocyte (2N) 2- secondary spermatocytes (1N) 4- spermatids (1N) 4- spermatozoids (1N) ```
98
What are the two types of angiosperms
monocots (narrow leaves -grass) | dicots (broad leaves- shrubs)
99
what are plants that lack vascular tissue called
non-tracheophytes
100
what is a fruit
the ripened ovary of a flower
101
what structures control gas exchange
stomata

DAT (14 decks)

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