CVS - Congential Heart Disease

Question 0

What is an atrial septal defect?

Answer 0

An opening in the septa between the two atria
Blood moves from High to low pressure (left to right)
Mainly caused by foramen ovale failing to close

Question 1

What are acynotic defects?

Answer 1

Shunting blood from left to right so no deoxygenated blood enters the circulation to the body tissues.

Question 2

What is a patent foramen ovale?

Answer 2

Generally clinically silent

Flap like so the higher pressure in the left atrium causes it to close

Question 3

What is a ventricular septal defect?

Answer 3

Abnormal opening in the interventricular septum
Most common in membranous part
Blood flows left to right

Question 4

What is a patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 4

Failure of the DA to close

Shunting from aorta to pulmonary artery

Question 5

What problems can an acyanotic defect cause?

Answer 5

Vascular remodelling of pulmonary circulation

Increased resistance of pulmonary circulation

Question 6

What is coarction of the aorta?

Answer 6

This is a narrowing of the aortic lumen in the region of the ligamentum arteriosum.
Affects the after load on the LV and can lead to ventricular hypertrophy.

Question 7

What is cyanotic defect?

Answer 7

This is when deoxygenated blood enters circulation

Question 8

What is tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 8

Group of 4 lesions occurring together
Caused by a developmental defect where the outflow portion of the IVseptum is too far anterior.
Causes - VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy

Question 9

What is tricuspid atresia?

Answer 9

Lack of development of the tricuspid valve, leaves no inlet into the RV

Question 10

What is transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 10

RV connected to the aorta
And LV to pulmonary trunk
Incompatible with postnatal life

Question 11

What is a hypoplastic left heart?

Answer 11

LV and aorta fail to develop