cvs 16 Flashcards
adenosine deaminase inhibitor
cladribine
pentostatin
increased level of adenosine is toxic to cells
what is cladribine used for
HAIRY cell leukemia
what pulse pressure effected by
stroke volume
what determines the diastolic pressure
elastic recoil vessels
hyperthyroidism effects stroke volume
stroke volume increases
thyroid upregulates B receptors
cardiac output 2nd formula
rate of O2 consmp/ arterial oxygen-venous O2
MAP formula
DBP+ 1/3 PP
decreased pulse pressure seen in
aortic stenosis
CHF
cardiogenic shock
tamponade
AGING cardiac changes
calcification thickening of aorta
dec max heart rate
SYSTOLIC htn/ decreased capabilty of workout
immune changes in elderly
low lymphocytes
so increased r/o infections and autoimmune disorder
gastric changes in elderly
increase in GERD
low GI motility
constipation
MSK
MS mass increased
risk of fractures in high — bone mineral loss
Nephro
inability to completely empty bladder— r/o infections
decrease the ability to concentrate the urine —- dehydration
sensory
EYE – presbyopia—- HARDENING OF LENS
EAR — presbycusis —-
Presbycusis
sensorineural hearing loss
HIGH frequency hearing loss —- base of cochlea
A. regurgitation
dialation of root
aneurysm ( marfan/ syphilis)
endocarditis
bicuspid aortic valve
ortner syndrome
dialation of L atrium
compress of left recurrent laryngeal nerve
L recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates
all intrinsic muscles except CRICOTHYROID
L recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates
all intrinsic muscles except CRICOTHYROID
PDA loudest at?
left infraclavicular area
loudest during S2
congenital form of PDA
RUBELLA togavirus
mnemonic for RNA viruses
Arena Bunya Calcivirus / coronovirus Delta E hep Flavivirus / filovirus Picorna / paramyxo Orthomyxo Reovirus/ retrovirus / rhabdo Togavirus
togavirus includes
Rubella
chikungunya
western equinw encephalitis — not HY
Rubella mannifestations
maculopapular rash that starts on FACE – spreads down
post auricular lymphadenopathy
arthralgias (adult)
congenital rubella
heart– PDA / pulmonic stenosis
ear— deafness CN VIII
eyes — catarracts ( white pupils)
microencephaly and mental retardation
blueberry muffin lesions signify
extramedullary hematopoesis
all live vaccinations are contraindicated in
pregnant females
immunocompromised
chikungunya fever
tropical and subtropical
africa/ asia
transmission of chikungunya
aedes mosquito
aedes mosquito transmits
chikungunya
dengue
zika
co infections that occur with chikungunya
dengue
zika
mannifestations of chikungunya
febrile illness rash polyarthritis myalgias conjunctivitis headaches THROMBOCYTOPENIA LYMPHOCYTOPENIA
txt for chikungnya
can give methotrexate for joint inflammation
but normally subsides 10 days
mosquitos act as vector for
chikungunya zika dengue malaria west nile virus
droplets transmit
influenza
meningeococcus
pertussis
adenovirus
direct contact
inf mononucleus rsv rhinovirus norwalk lymphogranuloma venerum
airborne (ventillator, aerosols)
tuberculosis
pox
measels
Segmented viruses
BOAR Bunya ---- 3 seg Orthomyxo----- 8 seg Arena------ 2 seg Reo --- 12 segments
all these go through REASSORTMENT — antigenic shift
arenavirus
2 segments
LCMV
Lassa fever —– rodents
how does influenza virus bind to the resp epithelial cells
sialic acid residues
what does influenza use for invasion
hemaglutinin (surface glycoprotein)
antigenic drift is caused by ?
mutations of neuraminidase OR hemaglutinin
how do inactivated influenza vaccines work
induce synthesis of antibodies against HEMAGGLUTININ antigen —- early stage entry
influenza can have superinfection with
s. aureus
strpt pneumo
H. influenza ( cocobacilli)
live vaccination for influenza virus
intra NASAL
bunya virus
3 segments california virus --- encephalitis hantavirus -----hemorrhagic fever / resp inf sandfly / rift valley fever crimean congo hemorrhagic fever
Dhey Are Balls
circular SS RNA
delta
arena
bunya
