Cultural Differences in Parenting & Goals

Question 1

6 subscales of Asian Value Scale

Answer 1

• collectivism (consider others before self; your achievements are family’s achievements)
• conformity to norms (importance of following expectations set by family and society to maintain family’s reputation)
• emotional self-control (love should be implicitly understood rather than openly expressed; should be able to solve emotional problems on your own)
• family recognition through achievement (must achieve academically and occupationally in order to make family proud)
• filial piety (importance of respecting elders, paying them back, being grateful)
• humility (importance of being humble and modest)

Question 2

Leung et al: 4 parenting styles related to GPA

Answer 2

• general authoritarianism
• academic authoritarianism
• general authoritativeness
• academic authoritativeness

Question 3

general authoritarianism

Answer 3

• a controlling and domineering parenting style –> “Parents are correct and shouldn’t be questioned”
• autocratic

Question 4

academic authoritarianism

Answer 4

• parents are over-demanding and non-rewarding of their child’s academic performance
• similar to “Tiger” parenting (ex. “I expect you to get 100% on your math test” → unrealistic; don’t reward because they believe child will then stop trying to please them)

Question 5

general authoritativeness

Answer 5

• an open and egalitarian parenting style
• “Parents admit that there are wrong”; “Children are involved in family decisions”
• democratic (listening to child)

Question 6

academic authoritativeness

Answer 6

parents are supportive and helpful with respect to their child’s academic performance (allow child to pursue own ideas, but there for help if needed)

Question 7

results of Leung et al’s study: universal findings

Answer 7

• In all 3 cultures, academic authoritarianism had a negative relationship with GPA (associated with low GPA)
• No correlation between GPA and academic authoritativeness

Question 8

results of Leung et al’s study: cultural-specific findings

Answer 8

• For Hong Kong participants only, there was a positive relationship between general authoritarianism and GPA (associated with high GPA)
• Academic achievement positively related to general authoritativeness only in USA and Australia
• CulturexEducation-specific findings: Academic achievement was positively related to general authoritarianism in USA and Australia only if parents did not have any college education