Chen et al. (1998)

Question 1

which countries in this study displayed higher rates of inhibition compared to North Americans?

Answer 1

• China
• Indonesia
• Thailand
• Korea

Question 2

Why is behavioural inhibition inconsistent with Western individualistic socialization goals?

Answer 2

Because Western socialization goals encourage kids to be assertive, independent, self-reliant, and autonomous (which is the opposite of inhibition)

Question 3

Why is behaviour inhibition consistent with Chinese collectivistic socialization goals?

Answer 3

Because Chinese societies prioritize self-restraint (which aligns with behavioural inhibition)

Question 4

Did the results demonstrate cultural differences in toddler inhibition rates? Explain

Answer 4

Yes: Chinese toddlers spent significantly more time in direct physical contact with their mothers during free play, and also scored significantly higher on their latency (delay) to approach the stranger and robot compared to the Canadian sample

Question 5

Relative to Canadian mothers, what child-rearing variables did Chinese mothers report higher levels of? Lower levels of?

Answer 5

• Higher: Rejection, encouragement of achievement, punishment orientation, protection & concern
• Lower: Acceptance

Question 6

3 findings showing a culture-specific effect on maternal child-rearing attitudes in Chinese vs. Canadian mothers

Answer 6

• Toddler inhibition was significantly positively correlated with maternal acceptance in the Chinese sample, but significantly negatively correlated with it in the Canadian sample
• Toddler inhibition was significantly positively correlated with maternal encouragement of achievement in the Chinese sample, but significantly negatively correlated with it in the Canadian sample
• Toddler inhibition was significantly negatively correlated with maternal punishment orientation in the Chinese sample, but significantly positively correlated with it in the Canadian sample

Question 7

How were the ranking order of child-rearing dimensions similar in Canadian and Chinese mothers?

Answer 7

Both Chinese and Canadian mothers scored second-lowest on punishment and lowest on rejection

Question 8

do the results support the suppression-facilitation model? Why?

Answer 8

• Yes
• In Chinese sample, inhibition is positively correlated with acceptance and negatively correlated with punishment and maternal rejection (shows that Chinese mothers are facilitating it)
• In Canadian sample, inhibition is negatively correlated with acceptance and positively correlated with punishment (shows that Canadian mothers are suppressing it)
• Results showed that Chinese toddlers were more inhibited than Canadian toddlers
• WHY? Cultural values → Chinese prioritize self-restraint, Canadians prioritize self-expression

Question 9

Goodness of fit

Answer 9

• there are bidirectional relationships between people and their socializing contexts (environment) → to what extent do people and their socializing context match?
• Diagram: people socializing context (arrows indicate bidirectional)
• Ex. outgoing, loud, assertive kids have better goodness of fit in Canada than they would in China