Cultural Competence Flashcards
Race
Mainly sued tor ever to people with similar attributes or skin colour
Ethnicity
Long term cultural experiences , religious practices, ancestry, language or national origins
What is the risk of oversimplifying
We may see range of communities or families as 1 ‘group’ or homogenous and in doing so we mask the impost at differences between them and with then .
Hence we resist oversimplification and use black, Asian and minority ethnic and identify specific groups or subgroups
What does the NHS constitution do
Sets out rights, pledges, duties and responsibilities under which the NHS should operate
Clearly states that ever indictable matters and there should be equal access and comprehensive service available to all irrespective of gender race disability are sex religion or belief
Equality act legislation
Topics of equality and diversity
9 protected characteristics
-age
Sex
-sexual orientation
-gender reassignments
-Marriage
-pregnancy
-race
Religion
-disability
The human rights act legislation
Outlines the basic human rights and principles of equality
5 principles
- fairness
-respect
-equality
-dignity
-autonomy
The mental capacity act
Helps people who are unable to maintain their independence , dignity, and right to freedom
Don’t assume a person lacks capacity to make decisions for themselves
The care act
Underpins all work with vulnerable adults
Ensuring adults give consent for support that is tailored to them and chosen by them
The health care act
Act contains a description of the powers available to relevant NHS. Bodies
It shows the inequalities and how respectful outcomes should be achieved by the provision of health services
the higher levels of poverty and poorer socioeconomic status often seen in Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities, compared with the rest of the population, are reported to contribute to
poorer clinical outcomes, inequalities in health and lower healthy life expectancy, as well as having a negative impact on patient or service user satisfaction
What is unwarranted variation
not always the result of intentional acts but they are an indication that some adaptation or review is needed in the way we plan and deliver services in order to give everyone an ‘equal chance’ of good outcomes and experiences of care.
What is cultural blindness
being ‘colour blind’ (claiming not to see differences in race, culture, ethnicity) or ‘treating everyone the same’ creates a one-size-fits-all approach and does not represent ‘person-centred care’ or ‘equal chance’ for all.
What is culture
Culture is a key factor that influences the way we think and view the world around us, the way we behave and make judgements and decisions
Possible observations of culture
education
worship, religion and spiritual beliefs
language
diet
art and music
humour
Upbringing
Cultural aspects can be visible or non visible
Visible aspects
-dress
-rituals
-language
-food
Non visible
-values
-ethics
-communication styles
It is important to remember that culture:
is learned and passed on through generations
is integrated into all aspects of an individual’s life
is dynamic and evolving
has huge diversity, a number of sub-cultures and exceptions
can vary between individuals from the same ‘group’
can be modified by experiences
Acculturation meaning
describes the process by which members of one cultural group adopt the cultural traits, beliefs, behaviours or social patterns of another group. This adaptation, a cultural and psychological change, often happens because of their environment, but may also be resisted if that person feels rejected or excluded.
Therefore, when discussing care needs with a patient or client, we may find that the experience of somebody who has recently migrated to a country, compared to somebody who has a migrant heritage, will be different.
What is the requirement for cultural info
Cultural information can impact on the physical, emotional and mental wellbeing of people accessing care services. Some of the reasons why further cultural information may be required include for example:
- understanding content of usual foods included in family meals to assist in giving advice about medicines or control of diabetes
- awareness of how LGBTQ+ sexuality is viewed or accepted within specific religious or cultural groups which may help to guide conversations around emotional wellbeing
- knowledge of religious observances during pregnancy or childbirth which may impact on decisions about birth plans or person-centred care
Why is cultural information a. Barrier
Everyone working in health and care services need to avoid making assumptions, or broad generalisations, based on race or ethnicity.
Services provided should be tailored to individual needs and preferences.
What is key to remember is that culturally specific information is only useful if it is relevant to the individual concerned and appropriate to the purpose for which it is asked. Therefore professionals need to be open to engaging in conversations with service users, flexible in their thinking and be able to adapt their approaches, as appropriate, based on information shared.
Inclusive practice
- requires us to be I-men to a diversity of new info that may impact health and care needs
-useful to have an awareness of the different cultural beliefs which may be influencing the health behaviours of your local population
-Whilst understanding the role and influence of culture is important, we must remember that perceptions of health can vary widely within cultures and between individuals so practitioners must be careful to not make assumptions.
We cannot assume that patients are …
supportive of a particularly harmful practice even if they belong to a culture where there is a higher prevalence
aware that a particular practice may be harmful to health
Developing cultural competence can help…
Practitioners avoid misunderstandings among staff, patients and families
Gestures
Different cultures will also uses gestures in many ways
Shaking head side to side can mean no or yes in some cultures
What is cultural competence
- set of principles which includes behaviours, attitudes and policies within a system or profession that enables effective working in cross-cultural situations
-Working as a culturally competent professional or service provider means ensuring the services we provide and the experiences of staff and those receiving care are ‘culturally safe’.
What must healthcare professionals be aware of ?
Cultural competence and culturally effective care are critical for improving health outcomes, improving safety, and optimising service user satisfaction
Examples of cultural competence models
the practitioner’s ability to care
an awareness of diversity and intersectionality
an open and non-judgemental attitude
cultural competence as a continuous learning process
the importance of working with service users to co-produce the best approach to meeting their needs
Communicating about specific cultural things or conversations with patients need to be done
Privately
Health and care professionals need to be aware of the environment in which professional consultations with people take place and consider the ways in which they can make them feel safe to be able to have open and honest discussions.
Cultural safety
Addresses the unwarranted variations that arise because of inequity
What makes someone feel culturally unsafe
People who do not feel culturally safe may feel disempowered and unable to access or take full advantage of the health and care services available to them.
How can a professional create a culturally safe environment with their patients
The health or care professional needs to:
develop trust with their patient
be aware of power imbalances
have clear, open and respectful communication
understand how racism and discrimination have resulted in inequalities
appreciate how their own culture, gender, religion, values and beliefs may impact the health encounter or experience for the patient
What is social justice
barriers that people face (equality) and what is needed to overcome them (equity) but also through action, seeking to reduce the impact of the barrier or remove the barrier completely (social justice).
Equality
Assumption is that everyone benefits form the same support
WRONG
Equity
Everyone gets the support they need
Professional should avoid making
assumptions, broad generalisations and believing in false stereotypes.
Care should be
individualised, person-centred and inclusive, focusing on the specific needs of that individual.
A key element of cultural competence is being able to communicate effectively with idnidvuals and their families for those whose first language is not English what do u do
Interpreters allow adequate provision for assessing communication needs
HC Info can be understood
As can be answered and asked
Opportunity to explore health or care concerns
Is it suitable to use family for interpretation
No
- potential for bias
What to do if interpreter not available ?
Postpone discussion of sensitive issue or intimate examination to ensure they act in a matter that protects the individuals privacy and dignity
